hemingway Essay -- essays research papers

Ernest Hemingway was an American author. He was conceived in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. He ended it all in 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho (Burges 17). Indeed, even today Hemingway is one of the most perceived creators on the planet. Hemingway’s encounters during World War I are legitimately appeared in a significant number of his works. His general point of view is reflected in the experiences of his characters. Obviously Hemingway wanted to be a piece of the war despite the fact that, because of terrible vision he couldn't enroll in the military and battle in the war. Rather he lied about his age and went to Italy to turn into an emergency vehicle driver. While in Italy he encountered numerous things that he would later proceed to expound on in works, for example, A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bells Toll. Ernest Miller Hemingway was conceived on July 21st, 1899 in Oak Park, IL. He was the second of six kids destined to Grace Hall Hemingway, a hopeful show vocalist, who surrendered a profession for marriage and six kids. His dad, Clarence Edmunds Hemingway, was a family doctor and energetic outdoorsmen. Clarence imparted his affection for the outside to his young child, Ernest, who found a preference for the outside since early on. His first excursion to nature was the point at which he was only a month and a half old. The Hemingway family and Ernest’s nurture went to Lake Walloon in upper Michigan each late spring. Maybe it was this early presentation to nature that cultivated Hemingway’s feeling of experience (Baker 45). During Hemingway’s sixty-two years he was hitched multiple times. First to Elizabeth Hadley Richardson on September 3,1921. During their six-year marriage they lived in Paris, where Ernest was a war journalist for the Toronto Star. Elizabeth’s trust finance made their life a lot simpler. Their marriage finished in 1927. Not long after his separation from Hadley, Hemingway wedded Pauline Pfeiffer. He and Pfeiffer lived in Key West for most of their marriage. In 1940 Hemingway would wed individual war reporter Martha Ellis Greenhorn. This would be his most brief marriage, enduring just five years. His last marriage was on March, 14, 1946 to Mary Welsh Monks They were hitched for a long time, during which they inhabited Hemingway’s Lookout Farm in San Francisco de Paula, Cuba (Hemingway 34). At the point when the get went out that emergency vehicle drivers for the war were required, Hemingway, an ongoing secondary school graduate chipped in right away. He said â€Å" I wante... ...est I can compose ever for an incredible entirety. It will obliterate the analysis that claims I can expound on notheing aside from myself and my own experiences.†(Baker 67) The story he would compose was in the long run called The Old Man and The Sea. This was a story that he had been contemplating since he initially heard it in 1935. It is the narrative of an old Cuban angler who battled a swordfish for four days and evenings just to lose it to sharks. It was first distributed as a story called â€Å"On The Blue Water† in Esquire. At that point it turned into the novella, The Old Man and The Sea. It was distributed in Life and was a Book-of-the Month choice (Baker 174). Now his big name truly took off yet his own life appeared to fall to pieces. Hemingway accomplished numerous extraordinary things throughout his life, for example, being respected with the Nobel prize for writing and being perceived in the media as the main American injured in Italy. He was a desolate and troubled man. His significant other and mother had passed on and he was in sick wellbeing. In July of 1961 he ended his own existence with a shotgun impact to his head (Hemingway 165). Hemingway was one of the most powerful scholars of the twentieth century whose accounts and inheritance will in every case live on.

Taft, Roosevelt and Wilson essays

Taft, Roosevelt and Wilson articles Theodore Roosevelt is viewed as our first Progressive President. What Roosevelt was attempting to do when he endeavored to separate restraining infrastructures, was to show the general population and the business world that the legislature was in control. Roosevelt utilized the intensity of the workplace. In the Coal Strike of 1902, he took steps to assume control over the mines with Federal soldiers except if the different sides agreed. Roosevelt was touchy to popular conclusion; he realized the individuals needed coal as it was utilized as warmth in their homes, and the coal strike began not long before the beginning of winter. Wilson was an all the more peaceful, scholarly sort of individual. Wilson moved his changes more around the changes that Roosevelt had advanced, particularly after the appointment of 1914. Wilson and the Democrats realized they would need to curry favor with the dynamic voters on the off chance that they were going to win the appointment of 1916. Wilson didn't care for laws that supported uncommon premiums, for example, ranchers or brokers, yet he agreed to help social enactment. Wilson restricted a kid work law on sacred grounds. He supported the Keating-Owen Act of 1916 that limited the work of youngsters in many occupations. He additionally upheld the eight-hour day and ladies' testimonial, despite the fact that he had been against giving ladies the option to cast a ballot. Wilson guaranteed that he driven Progressive Reform farther than his two antecedents. William H. Taft sought after a circumspectly dynamic plan. His triumphs didn't support his ubiquity. He brought down taxes. Probably the greatest misstep was to guard the duty. Later on he attempted to fix the harm, however possibly made issues progressively troublesome when he clarified that he had directed the discourse quickly between two railroad stations without rehashing it. I accept that these presidents were useful for the nation and improved a great deal. The Progressive Movements itself was trying to return control of the administration to the individuals, ... <!

The film X

The film X-Men-the Movie Essay When this has happened the trailer has caught our eye. So as to additionally energize and dazzle us the trailer likewise shows the intensity of nature and the capacity of a man, so little in examination and for this situation Tom Cruise, to vanquish nature. We are brought into the experience and need him to succeed. In the trailer the scenes move rapidly onwards which animates the sentiment of pace and activity. There are long shots with all encompassing perspectives on the scene. This gives us a sentiment of the huge size of nature and in this way, subliminally, of the huge size of the film. We will compose a custom paper on The film X-Men-the Movie explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We are left with the inclination that no cost has been saved for our satisfaction. There are likewise close shots of the characters faces which empower us to measure their feelings and individual characters. We unavoidable will feel different feelings towards these characters and in this way our interest is animated to learn a greater amount of them. The trailer utilizes the first, natural and in a flash conspicuous topic tune from the first TV arrangement and which has gotten equivalent with an unthinkable strategic. The subject tune in any case, is presently an increasingly peppy and current rendition. It is demonstrative of activity, threat and energy. This tune plagues the trailer leaving us in almost certainly that an incomprehensible crucial happen. On the off chance that we wish to take an interest in this cutting edge crucial, we should go to see the film. From my examination of these two film trailers it is intriguing to see the manner by which comparable and furthermore differentiating methods are utilized to convince us to see the full element films. So as to succeed, a trailer must catch our eye, animate our advantage, energize us or bring out feelings that leave us needing more.

Vague, Vagrant, and Vagabond

Unclear, Vagrant, and Vagabond Unclear, Vagrant, and Vagabond Unclear, Vagrant, and Vagabond By Mark Nichol The three words in the title above, and others that share an inference suggesting an absence of sureness or course, are characterized and examined in this post. The Latin descriptive word vagus truly implies â€Å"wandering† and allegorically alludes to vulnerability. The name of both of a couple of nerves that reach out from the mind to the stomach organs is taken legitimately from this term, and unclear methods â€Å"uncertain† or â€Å"lacking specificity†; the thing structure is ambiguity. Some etymological sources follow transient, which means â€Å"wanderer,† to early Germanic dialects as a related with walk. In any case, it may likewise be gotten from the Old French term vagant, from vagari, the Latin action word type of vagus. The word, additionally utilized as a modifier, by and large alludes to a nomad individual with no home or consistent (or lawful) business. A comparative and related (and increasingly beautiful) term is drifter, from the Latin ing word vagabundus, which means â€Å"wandering.† Vagari, then, is the wellspring of impulse, somewhat utilized thing meaning â€Å"aimless journey† by method of the Italian word vagare (or maybe legitimately from the Latin word). The plural structure, ideas, significantly more typical, alludes to unusualness. Two different terms got from vagari, one uncommon and the other outdated, are the things divagate (truly, â€Å"wander apart†) and evagation, which means â€Å"the demonstration of wandering.† A progressively conspicuous inference is indulgent, which implies â€Å"excessive† or â€Å"extreme.† Interestingly, stray, which means â€Å"wanderer† as a thing (as when alluding to a lost creature) and â€Å"wander† as an action word (remembering for the feeling of veering off from appropriate direct), might be gotten from unrestrained, however it perhaps comes from Latin by method of Old French as a related of road. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterUse a Dash for Number RangesWords That Begin with Q

Essay On Community Service Essay Example for Free

Signs And Symptoms Of Child Abuse Affecting Anne - 550 Words

Signs And Symptoms Of Child Abuse Affecting Anne (Case Study Sample) Content: Signs and symptoms of child abuse affecting Anne.Anne who is only ten years of age is suffering and that none of her parents are supporting her. Anne sustains several bruises on her arms and legs. This is a sign that Anne is undergoing mistreatments and punishments.The attire that she puts on is torn and dirty. None of her parents has taken the responsibility of providing Anne with clothing as it is a role of a parent. During the conference with the teacher, Annes mother claims that Anne is lazy and she normally makes lies so that she can be attended to.Also during the conference, Anne couldnt dare to make an eye contact with anybody in the room. This is an implication that she is afraid of getting later penalties from her mother by revealing what she is undergoing through. Her father abuses her by not paying any attention to attend the conference as it is supposed to be fulfilled by any caring parent.Risk factors that result in abuse in Annes family.Anne is undergoin g abuse because of several factors that are present in their family.Anne is afraid of revealing the mistreatments that she receives from her parents. If Anne could approach her teacher and inform him about the abuses, she should have received appropriate aid from him.There is lack of lack of corporation among her parents. Annes parents lack adequate cooperation in bringing up their child who is only ten. Her father couldnt show up for the conference as requested by the teacher. This is a sign that her father doesnt grant her necessary attention to meet her basic needs.Annes parents are drunkards. During the conference with the teacher and the principal, the teachers find difficult to communicate with Annes mother as she appeared intoxicated. Her mother seemed to have had alcoholic drinks before and that made her fail to converse properly with the teachers.The best actions that Anne should take.To avoid the hostile conditions that she is undergoing through in her family, she has to t ake the best possible actions that could reduce her mistreatments and placements.Anne has to advise her parents about the dangers of drinking alcoholic drinks. She has to explain to them the possible losses and expenses that are incurred unnecessarily by drinking.Anne has to advise her parents about the importance of cooperating and taking one anothers opinion. By doing this, Annes family will be able to plan for their future prospects and therefore Anne will no longer undergo such kind of m...

Management Accounting Case Study - 2102 Words

Management accounting systems Case Analysis: HSBC Bank Student Name: Course: Academic Year: Module: Date of Submission: Executive Summary Management accounting over the years has really emerged very significantly in the field of banking and finance. There are numerous objectives and significance that has been reflected in numerous literatures mentioning the primary strategic and management significance management accounting has brought to the table in the field of international finance. As mentioned by many academic and financial scholars, management accounting has today emerged as the most important financial tool which helps them attain a strong position in the market by making sound and strong strategic decisions. This report†¦show more content†¦2.1 Comparing Management accounting with Financial Accounting Characteristic | Financial Accounting | Management Accounting | Monetary Vs. non-monetary | Information is much more monitory in nature and deals with financial figures and values | This includes both financial and non financial information relating to the business. | Relevance Vs. precision | This more precision focused | This is focused on relevance | Format | This is structured and is compelled to operate on the guidelines and formats acknowledged by International Accounting Standards (IAS) | No such standards or formats are to be followed and are bespoke to the business concerned. | Planning and control | Guides to make investment decision based on elements like credit ratings etc | This helps the management to make strategically sound decisions that are based on the various elements of cost, volume, revenue. | External Vs. Internal | This is focused to provide information to parties that are external to the business like investors, shareholders etc | This is internal to the bu siness to help management, employees and other internal players to analyse the current position of the business and make the required decisions. | Focus | Past oriented and measure historical information | Future oriented, used for budgeting and forecasting | GAAP | GAAP is compulsory | Not required | Time span | 12Show MoreRelatedCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 PagesCASES FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES Table of Contents Case 1: Case 2: Bal Seal Engineering Robin Cooper Bill’s Custom Planters William Stammerjohan Deborah Seifert Dublin Shirt Company Peter Clarke in assoc. with in assoc. with Paul Juras Wayne Bremser ECN.W William Lawler Endesa Gary M. Cunningham Scott Ericksen Francisco J. Lopez Lubian Antonio Pareja Kincaid Manufacturing Jon Yarusso Ram Ramanan Osram.NA John Shank Lawrence Carr William Lawler Pleasant Run Children’s Home Brooke E. SmithRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 PagesCASES FROM MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING PRACTICES Table of Contents Case 1: Case 2: Bal Seal Engineering Robin Cooper Bill’s Custom Planters William Stammerjohan Deborah Seifert Dublin Shirt Company Peter Clarke in assoc. with in assoc. with Paul Juras Wayne Bremser ECN.W William Lawler Endesa Gary M. Cunningham Scott Ericksen Francisco J. Lopez Lubian Antonio Pareja Kincaid Manufacturing Jon Yarusso Ram Ramanan Osram.NA John Shank Lawrence Carr William Lawler Pleasant Run Children’s Home Brooke E. SmithRead MoreCase Study Questions On Management Accounting1670 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 2 – Management accounting written assignment NEXT Plc Case Student ID Number: 1423839 May 2016 Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Background 3 3. Review of management accounting 4 4. The key management accounting techniques and methods for NEXT Plc 5 4.1 Planning and Budgeting: 5 4.2 Balance scorecard 5 4.3 Cost-volume-analysis 5 5 The analysis’s strengths and weaknesses 6 5.1 Strengths 6 5.2 Weaknesses 6 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 â€Æ' 1. Introduction Management accounting in the recentRead MoreIntermediate Management Accounting Portfolio Case Study793 Words   |  4 PagesACCT5000 Intermediate Management Accounting Portfolio Case Study Background: Gouna Limited Gouna Limited is a company that grew from humble beginnings. Its original shareholders consisted of a collection of cooperatives in the Highlands of New Guinea, whose main source of income was from growing Arabica coffee on their small plots of land. Following a period of high coffee prices, the company expanded their business interests significantly to include the following: poultry farming, coffee processingRead MoreAn Appraisal of the Application of Cost and Management Accounting Techniques in Nigerian Manufacturing Companies: a Case Study of Benue Breweries Company Limited2637 Words   |  11 PagesTHE APPLICATION OF COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING TECHNIQUES IN NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES: A CASE STUDY OF BENUE BREWERIES COMPANY LIMITED TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page - - - - - - - - - - i Approval Stage - - - - - - - - - ii Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iii Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv Table of contents - - - - - - - - - v Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the study - - - - - - - 1 2. StatementRead MoreCase Study : Quickbooks Software, Company Management And Tax Preparation Solutions For Personal Finance And Small Business Accounting1365 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction QuickBooks software is created and developed by Intuit Inc. which is a developer of financial management and tax preparation solutions for personal finance and small business accounting. QuickBooks is one of the most widely-used small business accounting information systems in the world. QuickBooks accounting software lets people manage their business with little or no experience. QuickBooks is designed to facilitate financial division in creating, recording and tracking business transactionalRead MoreRole Of A Strategic Management Accounting Essay1317 Words   |  6 PagesGoddard 2008) investigating the role of strategic management accounting in an organizational setting? The role of strategic management accounting (SMA) is a relatively new concept especially within organizational settings (Juras, 2014). In addition to being new, it posits as an interesting field of study since existing literature evidences that conducting management accounting in relationship with strategy is problematic (Endraria, 2015). Accounting managers endure challenge of aligning functionalRead MoreEthics in Earnings Management Essays1320 Words   |  6 Pages With that goal in mind, management must continually report sustained or improved earnings to stakeholders to ensure constant and new investments in the company’s future (Geiger van der Laan Smith, 2010). The pressure to report positive results can lead management to engage in earnings management activities to alter short-term results to meet the goals set forth (Geiger van der Laan Smith, 2010). In addition to the pressures on company management, broad accounting principles introduce ethicalRead MoreEssay on Annotated Bibliography1285 Words   |  6 Pages1997, ‘Accounting and the Construction of the Governable Person’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol.12, n.03, pp235-265. Main Argument In this article, Miller et al. concern about the understanding of the historical foundation of accounting practice by investigating how theories of costing and budgeting were constructed in the first thirty years of the 20th century. In addition, the authors suggest several radical factors of theoretical understanding of accounting in relationRead MoreThe Effect Of Management Control On Family Firms1491 Words   |  6 Pageshave been the talk of various studies across different fields such as accounting, finance, and management. This is most probably due to the fact that family firms account for the majority of business and employment worldwide (Tharawat, 2014). At the same time, most family firms have specific characteristics and practices that studies have yet to dwell on. While these and other considerations have recently led to more research on management accounting and management control in family firms, research

Gender Identity Essay - 964 Words

Gender Identity After reading through my gender log, during the past few weeks, I observed that many people are trained to determine their gender by their biological sex. Some of the people that I have observed and written about would probably never have doubted their sexual orientation. Others have definitely examined their sexuality. Whether this sexuality is male or female is entirely up to them. This is their true sexual identity. Still others that I noticed have actually convinced themselves, whether it is true or false that their biological gender is not, their true gender. The people who seemed that they were completely sure that their gender was solely based on their biological sex, were easy to identify for me. These†¦show more content†¦Ill call him Joe. Joe was a very good looking male, biologically speaking. When Joe was a small child, I notice growing up with him that he had more female friends and that the boys did not like him very much. Many of the boys would often call him homo, or say go play with your girlfriends. He was very damaged by all of this. He would usually sit with the girls at lunch, but never the boys. He was often picked on in class with taunts and under the breath innuendoes. He did very well in all subjects in school but did best in art class and theater. His general body language was feminine, the way his hands moved and the way in which he would walk, talk, and even carry his books. I notice that he never tried to change his behavior to please others, which seemed to be gender assigned feminine behavior. He would also state I am not gay. His mother actually was going to sue the school to put the responsibility on the school to prevent the students from harassing her son. Joe never conformed, to his biological sexual identity being male. He was who he was and everyone believed he was gay. I dont know if he is or isnt gay because he went to art school in the city. I think he was having an identity crisis. The third type of person is a person who biologically without a doubt is male of female due to societys guidelines of gender. However, this type of person may want to be the opposite sex. They either are kidding orShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Identity And Development1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the years. However, gender identity and development is something that has been both misunderstood and misconstrued by people for quite some time. The differences between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† is quite vast. According to John Carl: Gender is defined as the personal traits and position in society connected with being male or female. For instance, wearing high heels is associated with the female gender, while wearing combat boots is associated with the male gender. Gender is different from sex becauseRead MoreGender And : Gender Identity Disorder1287 Words   |  6 PagesGender Dysphoria, formerly known as Gender Identity Disorder, is described by the DSM-IV as a persistent and strong cross-gender identification and a persistent unease with ones sex. However, gender identity is not diagnosed as such if it is comorbid with a physical intersex condition. Gender dysphoria is not to be confused with sexual orientation, as people with gender dysphoria could be attracted to men, women, or both. According to an article written by, Australasian Sciences there are fourRead MoreThe Concept of Gender and Gender Identity1223 Words   |  5 Pages I am interested in the concept of gender and the deeper meaning of being considered a transgendered person. I feel that a lot of people do not know or care to know about these topics on a more in depth level. People who close their eyes to the idea that a person could be born with the physical aspects of a male yet have the psychological aspects of a female and vice versa, tend to be the ones who say that those people are going against nature or god. Discriminating against people on the principlesRead MoreGender And Gender Identity Disorder2178 Words   |  9 Pageswe re born, our gender identity is no secret. We re either a boy or a girl. Gender organizes our world into pink or blue. As we grow up, most of us naturally fit into our gender roles. Girls wear dresses and play with dolls. For boys, it s pants and trucks.† (Goldbur g, A.2007) However, for some, this is not the case. Imagine for a moment that you are a two year old boy drawn to the color pink, make up, and skirts. If this is the case than most likely, you are experiencing Gender Dysphoria, otherwiseRead MoreGender Identity Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesGender Identity Society should be more open minded with the topic of gender identity. Our society does not like rapid changes when they are publicly made; there is always a dispute or an opposition against those unexpected changes. The LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual) community is the â€Å"rapid change† that society finds difficult to deal with. Although, this community has always existed, but it has never been publicly recognized like it is today. Gender IdentityRead MoreGender And Gender Identity1648 Words   |  7 PagesIn light of performativity, political transformation via hegemonic cultural practices continues to advocate for gender parody. Overall, the recent exploration of alterity ethics complements performativity politics by exploiting the subversive potential of gender identity as well as female identity. For the oppressed individuals, power should be subverted via political strategy guided by the consequences and punishment with the o bjective of maximizing the good in the society. In other words, performativityRead MoreEssay Gender Identity1902 Words   |  8 PagesGender Identity Gender identity is an extremely relevant topic today. Many people have their own ideas on what is right and what is wrong for each gender to act, and these people are very vocal and opinionated about their ideas. One recent controversial story about gender identity was when a couple refused to tell anybody whether their child named Storm was a boy or a girl. Their oldest child, Jazz, who was originally born male, â€Å"always gravitated to dresses, the colour pink and opted for long hairRead MoreExploring Gender Identity And Gender Roles1809 Words   |  8 PagesEXPLORING GENDER IDENTITY, GENDER ROLES HOMOSEXUALITY Abstract Gender identity display people’s understanding of themselves according to cultural definitions of female and male. In this essay I will attempt to enhance our understanding by exploring different aspects of gender identity, gender roles sexual identity issues. Relying mostly on my research that is conducted in the U.S. EXPLORING GENDER IDENTITY, GENDER ROLES HOMOSEXUALITY Exploring Gender Identity, Gender Roles HomosexualityRead MoreGender Identity : Gender And Masculinity Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesGender plays an enormous role in every society around the world. There are debates about whether gender is defined by strictly biological characteristics or social attributes. Others argue that gender is a spectrum, rather than the dichotomy of male and female. Masculinity and femininity are sets of attributes, roles and behaviors that are associated with men and boys and girls and women, respectively. Both masculinity and femininity have specific traits that are both biologically and socially definedRead MoreRacial Identity And Gender Identity879 Words   |  4 Pagesdons a pink bow on his head to become â€Å"Erica.† Meanwhile, Randy Marsh (as known as Lorde to most and Stan’s dad) must battle with his gender identity and that of his music as women at his work are uncomfortable with sharing a bathroom with him, therefore he must rece ive his own against his wishes. While both Cartman’s and Randy Marsh’s struggles with their gender identity revolve around the use of a bathroom, through the juxtaposition of the actions of shooting a school and becoming transgender, the

Edward’s Restaurant and Sir George’s Catering Case...

03/13/2013 Edward’s Restaurant and Sir George’s Catering Case Analysis General Environment Demographic: Industry: Demographic factors are favorable to the restaurant industry. Approximately 52% of the 1993 population in the area was 60 years of age or over. This was considered the restaurant’s main target market. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the number of people taking up permanent residence in the valley increased dramatically for various reasons. The climate was attractive for growing population of seniors. Land prices, housing, taxes, and utilities were affordable. With the average cost of an acre of industrial land in the Penticton area at $45000 in 1991, businesses were attracted to the area. Between 1984 and†¦show more content†¦Level of tourism was declining after 1991, campgrounds in the area were planning to close due to tax increases, and one waterslide had already shut down. Demand for accommodation and related services in Penticton had declined (1994). Fast food was particularly popular with younger customers. Many of fast food restaurants were parts of large chains that provided the financial strength of giant corpo rations and relatively standard menus and layouts familiar to traveling customers. The restaurant industry had an unusually high number of failures. According to Ed Gowe (1993), the average lifetime of new restaurants in the Penticton region was about two years. The number of restaurants in the area remained high. The industry standard suggested that, on the average, about 1 restaurant for each population unit of 1,000 would leave well-managed restaurants viable. The 1993 Penticton population of about 27,000 seemed to indicate that 27 to 30 would be an appropriate number of restaurants for the city. At the time, however, there were about 100 eating establishments in Penticton. Firm Position: Economic factors are unfavorable to Sunoka. Restaurant located about 64 km from U.S. border. To the north lies Okanagan Lake, home of the legendary aquatic monster Ogopogo, it attracted many tourists to that area. Attraction such as campground, waterslides, and two ski sites alsoShow MoreRelatedEdwards Restaurant and Sir Georges Catering Case Study15360 Words   |  62 PagesEdward’s Restaurant and Sir George’s Catering Case Analysis General Environment Demographic: Industry: Demographic factors are favorable to the restaurant industry. Approximately 52% of the 1993 population in the area was 60 years of age or over. This was considered the restaurant’s main target market. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the number of people taking up permanent residence in the valley increased dramatically for various reasons. The climate was attractive for growing population

Fiscal Deficit - 2588 Words

Fiscal deficit In a system of indicative planning reliance, fiscal policy plays an instrumental role in the economy of any country. Planning Commission of India had pointed out in the Seventh Five Year Plan that, the â€Å"Fiscal policy has a multi-dimensional role† which â€Å"particularly aims at improving the growth performance of the economy and ensuring social justice to the people. However, when a fiscal policy is not used discreetly, it is likely to create a fiscal mess.....A fiscal imbalance requires immediate corrective measures because a large fiscal deficit is non-sustainable.† The Emergence of Fiscal deficit (or Budget Deficit): On account of growing burden of non-development expenditure, the fiscal situation deteriorated throughout†¦show more content†¦Capital expenditure is made by the establishment to consistently maintain the operational activities. In India, the fiscal deficit is financed by obtaining funds from Reserve Bank of India, called deficit financing. The fiscal deficit is also financed by obtaining funds from the money market (primarily from banks). Revenue deficit: Revenue deficit is the difference between the revenue expenditure and the revenue receipts (the recurring income for the government). When a country runs a revenue deficit it means that the government is unable to meet its running expenses from its recurring income. To put it simply Revenue expenditure is the expense incurred for the normal running of the Government’s various departments and services, interest charged on debt incurred by Government, subsidies etc., whereas Revenue receipts consist of tax collected by the government and other receipts consisting of interest and dividends on investments made by Government, fees and other receipts for services rendered by government. Capital expenditure: It is the fund used by an establishment to produce physical assets like property, equipments or industrial buildings. Capital expenditure is made by the establishment to consistently maintain the operational activities. For example money spent on building of hospitals, dams, roads, etc. In India, the fiscal deficit is financed by obtaining funds from Reserve Bank of India,Show MoreRelatedThe Budget Deficit For Fiscal Year1019 Words   |  5 Pagesall the money borrowed from other countries. Budget deficits, budget surplus, national debt, deficit spending all have pros and cons. The federal government collects fees, taxes and certain revenues every year while spending in other fields. Deficits happen when total expenditures in a fiscal year outweigh the total revenues, when this happens; the government borrows money from foreign countries to pay the difference. The budget deficit for fiscal year (Oct 1 2015- Sept 30, 2016) is projected toRead MoreFiscal Deficits And Government Debts3391 Words   |  14 PagesFiscal deficits and Government Debts. The growth of government debt can have disastrous consequences for an economy in the long-run. How can one explain these occurrences and how, if at all, can they be stopped or prevented? When federal revenues and government spending are equal in a given fiscal year, then the government has a balanced budget. When the revenues are greater than spending, the result is a surplus. But if government spending is greater than tax collections, the result is a deficitRead MorePresident Obama Administration : The Fiscal Policy1480 Words   |  6 PagesGiven the critical circumstances the United States economy faces today, the current fiscal policy, in addition to the changes that will be made in the future, is under intense scrutiny. During the Obama administration, which will soon come to an end in about six months, a variety of policies were created in attempts to create employment, raise our GDP, and boost the state of the economy, among other ideas. The fiscal policies created by Congress and the President demonstrate success in some areas,Read MoreBudget Deficit1183 Words   |  5 PagesBudget Deficit For many decades, there has been a concern for the deficit within the United States. Many politicians, authors, newscasters, and citizens have expressed their distress in order to resolve or control the issue. Keynesian economic theory states that running a budget deficit is okay, as long as the deficit is not exorbitantly large and is not carried for a long period of time. Even though many experts agree with this notion, having a deficit at all is important to the present andRead MoreThe Fiscal Policy and its Impact on the GDP Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesFiscal Policy Often when one thinks of the scope of business, running a country rarely enters into an individual’s mind. However; that is what the country is, a large business conglomerate for an entire country. Citizens entrust their government to maintain this feat. There are many intricate details in maintaining the nation’s financial and economic health. In the United States, the President and Congress govern the financial and economic health of the nation. The United States employs theRead MoreThe Strong Performance Of Public Finances1198 Words   |  5 Pageshigh employment rate during the current crisis is the Swedish fiscal policy framework, which was established after the banking crisis in 1990s. The following analysis will explain how the fiscal framework can affect the Swedish public finances. 4.2. The Swedish Fiscal Framework The Swedish Fiscal Policy Framework was established in response to the earlier banking crisis in 1990s. The main objective of the fiscal framework is to attain fiscal stability. It consists of four main parts, (i) a balanced budgetRead MoreBudget Wars : Debt And Sequestration1029 Words   |  5 Pagesissue of national debt. Although, there are many driving forces behind the U.S. fiscal problem, mandatory spending programs, and publicly held debt pose daunting threats to the nation. Thus, there have been various strides made in the past few years in order to address the long term fiscal challenge within the United States. The United States must create a sustainable, long term solution to address the current fiscal problems, in order to avoid a sovereign debt crisis. Budget Control Act In 2011Read MoreFiscal Policy And Fiscal Policies1560 Words   |  7 PagesFiscal Policy Brooks (2012) defines that fiscal policy is adjusting government revenue and spending in order to influence the direction of the economy and meet the economic goals of the country. The two main tools in fiscal policy are taxes and expenditure. Fiscal policy is set by the government and parliament and often used a combination with monetary policy, which set by Reserve Bank of Australia as an example. Furthermore, this essay discusses the Australian government fiscal policies during theRead MoreItaly : Public Debt Will Not Drop Despite Low Deficit1239 Words   |  5 PagesITALY: Public debt will not drop despite low deficit The country’s budget deficit is likely to decrease, while public debt is not Italy’s public debt will not start decreasing this year, despite the good momentum of the domestic economy, due to the legacy of past governments, geopolitical factors and delays in implementing the public spending review. A recent Constitutional Court ruling [http://www.cortecostituzionale.it/actionSchedaPronuncia.do?anno=2015numero=70] on the 2012 pension reform showsRead MoreJamaicss Economic Downfall1444 Words   |  6 Pagesreducing the external account and fiscal deficits. Policy makers hope by focusing on such issues that it would create an environment that is conducive to increasing production and exports. Characteristics of the Programs In general, the design of stabilization programs places emphasis on reforming the tax system, making the exchange rate more competitive, liberalizing the trade regime, increasing privatization and reducing the external account and fiscal deficits. By focusing on these issues

Over-dependence on Technology Essay - 855 Words

Regina Fleck has an iPhone 7 and she admits, â€Å"I no longer feel frustrated or impatient. That emotion now manifests in me as a desire to check my e-mail. (Tran). All around the world, technology has taken over the lives of many, especially children. Each year younger children are being introduced to new technology to help them learn and grow, but the effects of this may be different from what is expected. Rather than seeing growth, the overuse of technology is leading to many issues, including a decline in creativity, less active lifestyles, and difficulty falling asleep. The growing overdependence on and overuse of technology is affecting young children both mentally and physically. Throughout the world, but in America especially,†¦show more content†¦Also, the parents are the ones who are buying the games and the food that the children eat, so it can’t be blamed on the children. Others believe that the ads and commercials are nearly irresistible to children, and parents are just trying to keep their children happy. Whatever the case, the major cause of it is the technology (Browning). Another source of the overdependence of technology in children is school. At school, they are introduced to technology at a very young age, sometimes even in preschool. Children are introduced to calculators at a very young age, helping them with math problems they should be able to do in their heads. The teachers are encouraging it so the students don’t take the time to learn how to do it out and then struggle when they have no calculator. Also, children today are proven to have much worse handwriting than in the past. They are now expected to type English essays and in elementary school; many aren’t taught cursive but rather how to use computers. For example, in 2009, 97 percent of teachers had at least one computer in their room, and out of that, 93 percent of the computers were connected to the Internet (Gray, Thomas, Lewis). Intelligence is continuously decreasing due to all of the shortcuts children now are able to take advantage of. In some aspects, the advanceme nts are really aiding students. They have almost any information they can imagine wherever they go, just by going to Google. Typing is neat andShow MoreRelatedPeoples Overdependence on Technology1467 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction The relevance of technology in the modern world cannot be overstated. However, there have been concerns that the world is becoming over-dependent on technology as it seeks to embrace technological advancement and innovation going forward. Indeed, the question many keep asking is; is our reliance on technology going too far? This text concerns itself with peoples over-dependence upon technology. Peoples Over-dependence upon Technology It is important to note from the onset thatRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Technology Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ubiquitous presence of technology, it would be difficult to believe that is wasn t always around. Today, everything is incorporated with technology, from entertainment to communication, from travel to skin care, and newly, from surveillance to control. In his science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451, published just as technology was beginning to make its appearance in people s everyday lives, author Ray Bradbury describes a distant future and the omnipotence of technology in it. Ray Bradbury was anRead MoreAddiction to Technology1174 Words   |  5 Pageslose sleep because you log in late at night? If you answered â€Å"often† or â€Å"always,† technology may be taking a toll on you (Parker). Technology is merely a way of life to society today. It is fused into everyday life and is constantly linked to basic human affairs. Technology impacts other topics such as consumption, the environment, popular culture, education, and the media. Although the world needs certain technology devices to handle difficult tasks that humans alone cannot; cellphones, televisionsRead MoreTechnological Advancements Have Created New Opportunities For Individuals, Organizations And Societies1567 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations and individuals by the advances of the new technologies creating new and advanced computer hardware and software. With these advances, human beings are becoming increasingly over-dependant on the use of the computers. Many tasks that people used to perform in the past before the invention and widespread use of computers cannot be performed today. Almost all aspects of human life are affected by computers. The over-dependence of the use of computers by individuals and societies in theRead MoreFossil Fuels : The World s Primary Energy Source952 Words   |  4 Pagessustainable future not just for the American people, but to lead and set an example for the rest of the world. America will have to lessen its dependence on fossil fuels, and eliminate it all if possible. To achieve this, the U.S. will have to further invest and expand in technologies such as Solar, Wind, Biomass, and Hydropower in order to lower its dependence on fossil fuels. Solar energy is a one of the alternative renewable sources that can help offset fossil fuel up. Setting up solar systemsRead MoreStrategic Information Systems Planning1347 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation systems planning, information technology, information systems, and how they affect competitive advantage, business planning, and drive change. The paper will also discuss how internal, external, and environmental factors influence strategic information systems planning and the development and use of IT and IS. According to Kearns and Lederer, information technology has assumed a critical role in many organizations, despite failures and setbacks. High dependence on IT for core business activitiesRead MoreCell Phones And Its Impact On Society929 Words   |  4 PagesNevertheless, it is indicated in the analysis that technology has greatly influenced phone use and the resourcefulness of technology has majorly underlined the use of phones in US institutions. Overdependence on phones is built on an important understanding of addiction and the relative effects of addictive characteristics. Just as compared to the TV in the late 1960s and also the internet at end of 1990, mobile phone technologies are the defining technologies of the 21st century. Cell phones are havingRead MoreAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Introduction The modern world is fuelled by oil (Youngquest, 1998). This reality has brought tremendous changes and developments that is continuously transforming the modern period, changing its lifestyles and economies in the last 200 years. However, these changes do not only paved for modernization and development, but it has also paved for the environmental crisis that the world is now facing (Bodley, 2008). Environmental crisis refersRead MoreFinal Project Milestone1746 Words   |  7 PagesIs Technology Affecting the Developmental Progress of Children? Patrcia Odani Mukuka Southern New Hampshire University Increasingly, there is a large dependence on technology today as opposed to ten or twenty years ago. Technology has changed a lot of how life is lived today. It affects shopping, job seeking employment opportunities, entertainment and academics. There is no doubt that technology has set its foundation and is here to stay. One area in which the effects of technology can be clearlyRead MoreThe Problem Of Internet Addiction1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn the modern day, technology surrounds every human in one form or another. Whether it be from televisions, phones, or computers, it is clear that technology affects the lives of the human population as well. This effect from technology has in some ways crippled humanity since we need technology more as a crutch than as a tool. A prime example of dependence on a source of technology is the use of the internet. People from all over the world depend on the internet for their everyday needs ranging

Management Accounting Recognized and Assessed Business

Question: Describe about the Management Accounting for Recognized and Assessed Business. Answer: Business Risk and inherent Risk Assessments Business is associated with many risk factors which need to be recognized and assessed properly. The major problem with HIH Insurance is that the risks were not identified and reviewed in time by the directors which lead to a loss amounting to 5.3 billion and effectively causing the company to collapse. So the assessment of HIH insurance will be on the operational and financial risk. Operational risk occurs from the companys own in-house actions of the business. It analyses other risks such as legal, physical and environmental (Rose, 2013). A proper evaluation on the companys work procedure and operations will assist in discovering the errors and rectifying it as and when required for it to develop and grow (Adams Borsellino, 2015). Financial risk is linked with the companys financial activities and transactions and the outcome of financial operations involved in companys work process (Bobtcheff et al., 2016) Proper identification of financial risk will safeguard the company from adverse financial situation and debts. HIH insurance succumbed due to non-assessment of risks in proper time as it is imperative on a companys part to identify, manage and reduce risks properly through proper managerial control (Betta, 2016). HIH insurances risk was broad enough to cause a severe damage. There are several inherent risk factors effecting HIH at the financial report level like poor financial results, overcooking of cash and debtors figure and underpinning of creditors and bad debt amount to consolidate the position of balance sheet. HIH insurances poor financial result was due to the overstated sales figure which was done to show high profitability when the real story was something else. Inherent risk of HIH included the continuation of solvency margins, statement of sufficient premiums and the liquidity factor. HIH insurance entered areas which were prone to high risks such as marine insurance whose work practices differs logic than the normal insurance profession. The internal control system of HIH failed to identify or detect the material error. The detection risk is mainly associated with different auditing actions depending on performance which fails to recognize the material errors (Tricker Tricker, 2014). HIH needed to plan good and in proper time to lessen the chances of not being able to detect material misstatement. In HIH insurance, the internal audit documents are lacking performance in its substantive measures which will ensure proper settlement in future income tax benefits and goodwill of the firm. Legal Liability The limited knowledge of auditors failed to identify the inherent risks with changes that took place the previous year. The focus is on the auditing reports signifying the concerns related with the HIH practices for increased risks. The cases are linked with adequate measures in auditing procedures with intended managed auditing risks. The issues are related to the inadequate auditor independence linked up with the presentation in the non audit services. For clients: The focus has been on presentation to show up the inadequate preparation that relates to goodwill next to the deferred acquisition cost and income tax benefits. If the client company is thinking of hiring the prior auditors, then its going to directly affect the independence of external auditing. The present auditors are hold in good position because of the power they possess. For creditors: The creditors need to focus on the bare minimum solvency requirement which is based on the firm being solvent at the time of declaration of the director. The HIH desires to focus on the cash position where the extensive analysis is based on operational and financial activities. There is a need for prudential margins leading to the policy of reservation depending on the handling of the company. The negligence action of HIH insurance is related to the acceleration of changes in the legislation. The crisis has been related to prices and the availability of insurance. These are mainly connected to law of negligence. The major issues which are related to charges are politically reinforced associated with the direct liability pattern of government and re-insurance. The non executive directors lacked freedom in their work as it is evident from the structure of HIH insurance. Arthur Andersons secretarial firm boasted of five members and the same were holding the board of directors position in HIH insurance. For non-auditing services the company did expend $1.671 million and $1.7 million for auditing purposes. Fees arising from auditing services caused a great deal of distraction to the independent company directors (Tricker, 2015). The corporate governance was the guilty party in the negligence of the company. -insurance companys process is greatly subjected by the risk management of the concerned group. HIHs investment failed badly as witnessed in the presentation of risk management (Damiani et al., 2015). The directors negligence played a role in the decision strategys setback which eventually led to the collapse (Carnegie and OConnell, 2014). -inadequate independent information was negligence on the part of the management as they did not provide relevant information to the non executive directors which have to be focused on. The non-executive directors did not enjoy the liberty in forming the view concerning the companys financial statements. Ethics The main spotlight has been on the lack of evidence in the alteration that have been made in different accounts before the release of the audit reports. The refusal to pay the increased auditing fees is based on the close relationship with non-auditing services. The company wants to hire prior members of its external audit team for various reasons: The auditors are habituated enough to work with the company They seem to have good knowledge about different financial matters The management has decided on working with a proper process of audit and developing a strong bond with the auditors The auditors need to uphold a professionalism approach that maintains proper goodwill of the company. The auditors should be able to put their faith on the client executives to that extent which do not paralyses the work procedure of external auditors. Most of the times the auditing companies do provide non-auditing services too with proper management consultancy and recommending in tax matters. The objective is based on conducting a report where a particular clients information relies on his source of income. The auditors are always in the habit of holding reports and the changes for the different reports about the financial status of a company with maximum profits. Difference has been noted in the profitability margin of non audit services with those of traditional auditing. Traditional auditing has always been viewed as a service necessary for regulatory purposes which incurred a downward slide of the fees, whereas the growth of non-audit services activate the struggle for authority and control of the management. Using the same firm for both the auditing and consulting services helps the client in putting a check on the extra expenses and time, as the firm does not need to spend any extra moment or charge extra to get familiar w ith the process. In addition to that will be the service providers best ways of dealing with adverse conditions and situations that may arise accordingly and provide the best solutions from its significant experience in dealing within the same industry. Moreover many clients have restricted themselves in hiring accounting firms who deal with clients of the same industry to evade any loss of priceless information (Healy, 2013). There are other cost benefits too that goes with the theory of assigning a single accounting firm for both auditing and consulting services. For auditors it is not possible to always believe their client executives. The auditors do their work based on auditing evidence Auditors do find it difficult at times when they confront managements who do not disclose everything that is required (Haines, 2013). HIH insurance highlights on different facts to check operations with regards to quantity. The employees need to put their best foot forward while dealing with customers and are set to bring highest ethical standards of behavior (J. Clout et al., 2013). Business should be carried out according to the appropriate laws and regulations with suitable codes and corporate standards that subsist in a country. The employees associated with an organization along with the contractors require meeting the highest level of ethical behavioral standards related to revelation of information in the accounting practices and dealings in Fosters share. The primary recommendations for audit reform proposed by the Ramsay report are: A statement should be included in the Corporations Act that will present the auditors with freedom to work. An auditor should make an annual statement to the Board of Directors that the auditor has retained their liberty in accordance with the act and rules given in the accounting bodies. Outlining proscribed relationships involving the auditor and the client. Only employment related relationships are emphasized on among the client and the auditor and the auditing staff is viable. One relationship that was barred is a situation where a retired auditor partner joins a companys Board of Directors team, something which was witnessed in the HIH insurance. An auditory independence supervisory board is to be set up with the vast majority of the members in such a board will be autonomous of accounting profession. The independence supervisory board will be assisting in recommending and observing of independence issues of auditors. The audit committee needs to make different perceptions about non-audit services, relation between auditor and client, audit fees and independence related to auditors work. The Ramsay report recommendations have found support from the accounting professional bodies. However, the Current Affairs in Auditing April edition exposed that HIHs collapse led many observers of auditing believe that the Ramsay report recommendations did not go the distance. Ramsays recommendation report on independent and consulting services were deemed to be too weak to put into effect. They were totally demanding for a ban on the auditors contribution in providing consulting services to audit clients. The recommendations of audit reform according to auditors liberty and the regulation of auditors was that an auditors independence is directly related to the reliability and consistency of auditors reports (Sirtes et al., 2016). The draft Bill draws on the HIH Royal commission report (HIHRC) and the Ramsay report in meeting upon the magnitude of an autonomous audit in capital market competence. This can be attained through adding importance to financial report by bettering the dependability which in turn should help in lessening the cost of capital by dropping information risk and upgrading the value to capital markets by intensifying the reliability of financial statements. According to CLERP 9 changes there are quite a few other disclosures related to auditors that are required to be made by the listed companies in their annual reports (Carey et al., 2014). A copy of the Auditors independence declaration must be attached with the directors report The listed companies must reveal in their annual directors report the fees charged by the auditor for providing service in each in each non-audit process, explaining in details the nature of the service (Houghton et al., 2013). A statement should be issued in the annual directors report that they are pleased with stipulation made in the non-audit service, as well as explanation of the service and it does not compromise freedom. There are going to be several changes in the practice of auditing due to the recommendations made in the Ramsay Report and CLERP 9. The auditor should be given the required liberty to work freely without being influenced by the client company (Kuan, 2014). It is the responsibility of the auditor to present impartial and truthful professional opinion on the financial statements to the shareholders. The threats that are associated with the audit profession like intimidation threat, trust threat and familiarity threat will be reduced to a large extent if recommendations are put into practice. There is requirement for independence as third parties and client of financial statements do not possess adequate information and facts to recognize the actuals of companys annual reports (Crockett Ali, 2015). These parties depend too much on the assessment made by auditor. Publics confidence on financial markets depends partially on the views and information presented by auditors in tandem with t he financial audits. References: Adams, M., Borsellino, G. (2015). Is there a positive link between corporate governance and board diversity? Lessons from Asia.Journal of Business Systems, Governance Ethics,10(1) Betta, M. (2016). Three Case Studies: Australian HIH, American Enron, and Global Lehman Brothers. InEthicmentality-Ethics in Capitalist Economy, Business, and Society(pp. 79-97). Springer Netherlands Bobtcheff, C., Chaney, T., Gollier, C. (2016). Analysis of Systemic Risk in the Insurance Industry.The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review,41(1), 73-106. Carey, P. J., Monroe, G. S., Shailer, G. (2014). Review of Postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ CLERP 9 Australian Auditor Independence Research.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), 370-380. Carnegie, G. D., OConnell, B. T. (2014). A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), 446-468. Crockett, M., Ali, M. J. (2015). Auditor independence and accounting conservatism: Evidence from Australia following the corporate law economic reform program.International Journal of Accounting Information Management,23(1), 80-104. Damiani, C., Bourne, N., Foo, M. (2015). The HIH claims support scheme.Economic Round-up, (1), 37. Haines, F. (2013). Corporate fraud as misplaced confidence? Exploring ambiguity in the accuracy of accounts and the materiality of money.Theoretical Criminology, 1362480613502069. Healy, J. (2013). The Paradox of Regulation: What Regulation Can Achieve and What It Cannot.Medical Law Review,21(1), 161-165. Houghton, K. A., Kend, M., Jubb, C. (2013). The CLERP 9 audit reforms: Benefits and costs through the eyes of regulators, standard setters and audit service suppliers.Abacus,49(2), 139-160. Clout, V., Chapple, L., Gandhi, N. (2013). The impact of auditor independence regulations on established and emerging firms.Accounting Research Journal,26(2), 88-108. Kuan, K. T. C. (2014). Auditor independence: an analysis of the adequacy of selected provisions in CLERP 9. Rose, H. (2013). How insurance companies can become good corporate citizens.Risk Management,60(5), 38 Sirtes, G., Lo Surdo, A., White, R. (2016). Corporations law and class actions: Court Tricker, B. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Tricker, B., Tricker, G. (2014).Business Ethics: A Stakeholder, Governance and Risk Approach. Routledge.

Cryptography Essay Example For Students

Cryptography Essay Cryptography is the science of encoding a message into a form that is unreadable and making sure only the proper people are capable of decoding the message back into its original form. This is usually done by using an encryption algorithm and a decryption algorithm (these two are often the same) and very often a secret key. Some of the early cryptographic systems did not use a key but instead kept the algorithm itself secret. The message sender uses the encryption algorithm and the key to encode the message, and then sends it to the receiver. The receiver then uses the decryption algorithm and the key to turn back the encrypted message into its original form and read it. If the message is intercepted on the way by a third party, they will only have unreadable data and will have gained nothing, unless they can figure out the decryption algorithm and obtain the key. This is why the key is never to be sent with the message, and has to be kept secret at all cost. If the key is compromise d, the sender and the encrypted data is no longer safe. The sender and the receiver then usually agree on a new key to prevent any further damage. In ancient Greece, around 550 Bc, messages were sent encoded to generals and could only be decoded using special staff keys. The key actually consisted of a physical object, which was applied on the message to get the decrypted version of it. In 50 Bc., one of the most simple cryptographic algorithms ever used was the one called the Caesar cipher, that was used by Julius Caesar to send messages to his generals. It consisted simply of switching each letter with the letter that was 3 letters further down the alphabet. For example Stephen would become Vwhskhq. To decrypt the message, the receivers would simply subtract 3 letters from each letter. This algorithm was later improved and called ROT13, where the letters could be shifted to any number between 1 and 25, and the number of letters shifted was the secret key. This very simple algorith m has been used on Usenet successfully to prevent people from inadvertently reading materials they might find offensive. Monoalphabetic substitution is another simple step away from the ROT13 algorithm. In this algorithm, each letter correspond to another letter but in no particular order. For example a = d, d = x, f = e, etc for all 26 letters. This made it much harder to break but also made fairly big keys that couldnt be memorized, since they consisted of 26 pairs of letters. In France during 1585, members of the kings court liked to send romantic or gossip messages to each other and encrypt them for safety, which becomes almost a necessity. Blaise de Vigenere came up with a poly-alphabetic substitution known as the Vigenere cipher. Basically, the algorithm would encrypt messages several letters at a time instead of letter by letter. For example ab = fh, th = sq. To simplify the huge keys it would require, the key was broken into a table and a key, the table was fairly big but the key was small enough to be memorized, and the table was useless without the key. This cipher wasnt totally safe but no t otally sure method to break it was developed before early in the 20th century. During World War I, American troops used native Indians to send messages over the radio, which could only be understood by other native Indians, and absolutely nobody in Germany could understand it. Also in World War I (most cryptographic algorithms are developed for wars), the Playfair algorithm is developed by the Allies, the key, like in the Vigenere cipher, is based on a little table and a short keyword, which were both changed periodically. The rules used with the table were much more complex and made it fairly safe. In World War II, however, the Germans gave up on abstract algorithms and came up with a physical encrypting/decrypting machine called the Enigma. It had different wheels of different sizes which were to be tuned differently depending on the date, the different turnings were listed in a little booklet that came with the machine. It wasnt broken before the Allies finally managed to capture enough pieces of the machine and collect enough data from operating errors by the Germans. Whitfield Diffie and Martin Helbman (1976) come up with the notion of Public Key Cryptography. In 1977, RSA (Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adleman) develops a Public Key algorithm based on large prime numbers that is theoretically impossible to break in a reasonable amount of time. Digital signatures were also made possible. 1991, PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) reuses an algorithm very similar to RSAs and gets posted on the web. Phil Zimmerman gets sued for both exporting cryptographic data and violating copyright laws. A new version of PGP is quickly developed which is different enough from RSA’s to be marketed. Because of its broadcasting on the web and the fact that it is freeware, PGP becomes one of the most widespread crypto systems. Now, we will quickly go over the concepts of public key cryptography and the global idea of how the RSA algorithm works (or PGP, they are al most the same), as well as digital signatures and â€Å"digicash†. I will also explain the general methods used to break most ciphers. I cannot however explain in detail because I cannot broadcast that kind of information without breaking the law which I will explain later. Public Key Cryptography The main problem with most cryptographic algorithms is that they are vulnerable to having the key exposed, and the key has to be agreed on by the sender and the receiver ahead of time. This means that when the sender and receiver exchange keys the first time, there is an opportunity for a third party to capture the key (or whenever keys are changed, in many cases keys were changed periodically for additional safety). This is exactly what public key cryptography avoids. The receiver of the message sends his public key to the sender. It is a public key, so it doesnt matter if the whole world knows the key or not. The key can only be used to encrypt data, not decrypt it. Then the sende r will encrypt the message with the public key and send it to the receiver. Once the receiver received the data, he takes his private key and uses it to decipher the data. Note that the private key was never transmitted by the receiver to anyone, so it is almost invulnerable to exposure. Also note that the public and private keys work in pairs. There is only one private key associated with each public key and vice versa, and ideally it is impossible to find one key from the other one. If someone intercepts the message he gets only an unreadable encrypted version of it, and using the public key or any other incorrect key used with the decryption algorithm will simply generate another series of numbers. If the receiver wants to reply to the sender, the sender has to have his own set of private and public key as well, and then the whole story goes on again the other way around. Ideally, there is even a phonebook of all public keys so that anybody could send an encrypted message safely to anybody else by simply looking up that persons public key. The RSA Algorithm The RSA algorithm is based on large prime numbers. One very interesting property of large prime numbers is that it is very hard to find out wether a very large number is a prime, and if it is not, finding out what numbers it is a product of can be very hard too. So if we take two (very) large primes and multiply them together, we get a number that is almost prime, and it will be very hard to find what two numbers were originally multiplied to obtain it. These numbers are used as the public and private keys, since it is very hard to find them. Theoretically, if the keys are chosen large enough, breaking the RSA algorithm would take several hundred years using all the biggest computers on the planet put together. RSA has offered a large amount of money to whoever comes up with a reliable and fast algorithm that can break their code. They still have all their money. Digital Signatures There remains one prob lem with passing all these messages: messages can be passed from sender to receiver safely, but the receiver has no means of determining who the message was actually from. For example, Bob could take Joes public key and send the following message to Joe: Youre a wuss. signed: Jack. Now, when Joe receives this message, he has absolutely no way of telling that Bob sent the message, and not Jack. This is where digital signatures come in handy. They allow a person to sign a message in a way that certifies that the message was actually sent by them. This is done by using one other interesting property of the private and public keys in RSA: they can be reversed in the algorithm and it will still work. For example, if you encode something using the private key, it can be decoded with and only with the public key. So when Jack sends something to Bob, he takes signed Jack and encrypts it with his private key (note that this in no way reveals what his private key is) and adds that at the end of his message as a signature. When Bob receives the message from Jack and decrypts it, he will obtain a small encrypted piece of data at the end of the message, which is the encrypted signature Jack put there. Bob can decrypt it with Jacks public key, and if a real message comes out of it, (i.e: not a series of apparently random numbers) then he knows that Jack was indeed the person that sent him the message. Usually, people add the exact time and date inside their signature to make sure each signature can be used only once. That is, once Bob has Jack’s signature at the end of the message, he cant send a message to Tom that says: Youre a BIG wuss, signed Jack and then paste the signature he just got from Jack at the end, because Tom will be able to see that there is a time difference in the signatures data and will therefore know that the message isnt really coming from Jack. Digital Money Digital Money is a form of money that can be used online (or anywhere else for what th at matters), with both safety and anonymity. Most digital money systems out there are closer to prototypes than actual widely used systems. Different digital money schemes probably exist, but this one works and is simple and safe. It is a simple application of digital signatures. The costumer sends a digital signature to whoever he wants to send money to by encrypting the data using his private key. (See the section above for details on digital signatures). In the signature, he/she includes the amount, the time, who the money goes to, a transaction number and whatever data is convenient to include. Very much like a check, really. When the person being paid receives the data, he/she can check it by decrypting it with the payers public key. He/she cannot modify it since it is encrypted, he/she cannot duplicate it since there is a transaction number, and finally the payment cannot be intercepted by a third party because it contains the public key of who the money goes to, which means i t will be worthless to anyone else. To guarantee confidentiality the digital signature is encrypted again before being sent with the receiver’s public key so that no third party can even find out who is being paid how much for what. There are even a little more complicated schemes that will allow total confidentiality. That is, even the person receiving the money will not know who is paying him because the transaction is handled directly through the â€Å"digicash† servers instead of between the buyer and the seller, although usually he will have to know in order to send the purchased product or information to his customer. Once the receiver has received the payment and checked it, he/she forwards the digital signature (encrypted with the â€Å"digicash† servers public key to guarantee confidentiality) to the â€Å"digicash† server, which checks it and transfers the corresponding amount between the two â€Å"digicash† accounts. The payment has been successfully made without ever revealing anyones private key or identity. Breaking Encoded Data Breaking encoded data is not easy, especially when dealing with complex encryption schemes. Here are some of the ways that are used to do it: 1. Stealing the key! (and dont let them know you have it). This is the simplest and most radical way of breaking into someones secret transmissions. 2. Guessing the key. Some people do tend to use their dogs name as a key and things like that, but this method is still much more efficient in movies than in real life. Usually this is more widely used by having the brute force methods test for common words first and then uncommon words. 3. Figuring out what algorithm is used. Knowing this will help a lot to break the cipher. 4. Brute force. This method is basically to try out all the possible keys until a correct result appears. It can be time consuming but even a slow computer can break all of the simpler ciphers instantly. There are smarter versions of this which search first through more likely values, or manage to cut out large chunks of the search space by elimination before actually trying everything. 5. Letter frequency analysis. Some letters appear more often than others in a normal text conversation. (e is the most frequent). So knowing this, if the cipher is a mono-alphabetic substitution, the letters can be found by matching their frequencies. For poly-alphabetic substitution, there are also letter frequency charts for short multiple letter strings. Look for human errors in the encoded transmissions. Often over a long series of messages, the user will make a mistake at least once, and the messed up data usually says a lot about what the key might be (especially people who tend to forget to encrypt a message when sending it, and then correct their error by encrypting it and sending it again, this gives the listening third party an encrypted and a decrypted version of the same text, which is usually very useful for find ing the key.) Note that RSA is very resistant to all of these methods since the keys are always safe and brute force will take several hundred years to work. The only human error that could actually endanger the cipher would be to broadcast the private key by mistake. Being able to encrypt our messages so that no one else can read them is great, but is this something we really need? Most of us do not need to have our transmissions encrypted, for the very simple reason that simply nobody is interested in intercepting and reading our electronic mail. Privacy of this type would be nice, but it definitely would not be worth going through the trouble of setting up everything that needs to be set up unless you have an important secret to keep. However if it came all set up with most operating systems then it would be convenient enough to use on a regular basis. Remember that because of the way the Internet is built, anyone connected to the Ethernet cable can read every single transmission made on the net. Thats not exactly private. Affirmative Action - History EssayBut there are people out there that need to keep important secrets and arent terrorists or criminals or the army. Most businesses will not be able to use the Internet as a means of communication as long as all their online communications are vulnerable to industrial spying. For businesses, the only safe way to communicate through a medium where each single bit they send can be listened to is to encrypt all of their communications with a cipher strong enough to resist breaking attempts from the other businesses. Another use of cryptography applied to business is the one used by the french television channel Canal+, which is broadcasted, but only the customers paying every month for the new keycode that corresponds to their decoder box will be able to decode the broadcasted programs. Without the use of encryption, the whole scheme of having a premium channel broadcasted through airwaves would be totally impossible. Finally, one of the most useful use s of cryptography that we might all find use for is â€Å"Digicash†. Without cryptography it is very close to impossible to implement a successful and convenient scheme for online money. And online money is something most online businesses and shoppers would love to have. Cryptography has its origins in wars and is therefore considered very much like a weapon because of the advantage it can give to one side or the other. Legally, any information about any kind of strong encryption is considered munitions (remember Michael Grubbs T shirt?). What this means is basically that it is illegal to export it to another country in any way. The FBI takes this matter extremely seriously. There are more or less equivalent laws in most other countries in the world as well. Illegal immigrants in France tattooed cryptographic data on their forearms so that it would be illegal to send them back to their country. Since the Internet is worldwide, posting any strong encryption information on the web is the same as exporting it, and is therefore illegal. Which means that right now encrypted Internet communications are more or less illegal as well. Also, the government is now trying to impose the Clipper chip as a standard on all computers, and banning all other forms of cryptography, in order to have a unique crypto system which it has the ability to break. The problem is, is that it is already too late to prevent these crypto systems from being exported. Most foreign countries already have knowledge of them, and there are many foreign business companies which use strong cryptography (including the RSA algorithm). So prohibiting exportation of these materials is purely and si mply useless. Furthermore, prohibiting US companies from being able to export strong cryptography results in loss of marketing opportunities for them. It also means that they wont be able to conduct safe, private conversations when dealing with foreign companies because they cannot use encrypted communications.

Relexes Essay Example

Relexes Essay Relexes BY samuell 23777 Reflexes Sam Viral Effector Knee Jerk Leg Moved Motor Reinforcement of the Knee-Jerk Leg Moved more intensely Ankle-Jerk Reflex Foot Twitched Biceps Jerk Did not detect Triceps Jerk Pupillary Pupils did not change Babinski Toe flexed Uvular Gagged Reaction Time 30cm/5cm/10cm 30cm/20cm/15cm Purpose: I ne purpose 0T tnls Ian Is to snow renexes ana now tne nervous system arcs and nerve impulses work in order to test out a certain reflex. Hypothesis: The reflex testings will show no abnormalities in our nervous system. If we reacted to all the trials then we will not have any abnormalities in our reflexive nervous system. Materials: Lab Partner A rubber hammer (Triangular) A Yard Stick A chart to record your reflexes 2) When the hammer hits the patella the sensory fiber leads into the central nercous system and connects to one or more interneurons. These interneurons communicate with motor neurons and then leads outward to the effectors. 3) Muscular tension dumbs out the signal responses for reflexes due to the amount of concentration and nergy concentrated onto the clenched part of the body. When clenching your fists during a fight or athletic contest your reflexes are not as effective because most of the energy is used to clench your fists. 4) The involuntary Jerks in the muscles after the reflex tests are similar in every trial 5) It is hard to catch the card because the reflexes and the impulses do not act quickly enough for us to catch the card within a short time span. The synapse uses chemicals to transfer impulses which slow down he reflex even more. We will write a custom essay sample on Relexes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Relexes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Relexes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Results: We obtain misleading results due to the gaps in our lab on how we did not respond toa certain reflex trial. Problems: We ran into a couple of errors while doing the experiment. Two of our reflex trials had shown that we did not react to it. The problem was that we might have not done the lab correctly thus creating a gap in our chart. Conclusion: Despite the problems we came onto during our lab due to inability to do the lab correctly, the lab proved our hypothesis n having no abnormalities in our reflexes. IVe learned how to test out persons reflexes and to check if their nervous system is working properly. I can apply this in my life if someone ever gets injured in the spine however small it is, I can test if the nervous system is still working or not. In order for this to be a better experiment my partner and I must redo the trials and make sure we have done each trial properly and correctly according to the directions and guidelines.

Essay Sample Introduction for Essay About Actors

Essay Sample Introduction for Essay About ActorsAn essay sample introduction for an essay about actors is one of the most important and vital parts of the entire writing process. When writing an essay about actors, the information that you write needs to have some effect on the reader.A good introduction to an essay about actors usually begins with a reference to the actor's name. It can be his first name or last name. It is important to do this to give the readers an idea of the actor's importance to the film or television show.The next part of the introduction is about the main theme of the topic being discussed. This is what makes the whole essay's topic exciting and interesting to read. It gives the readers some idea of the whole writing process as well as how the writer intends to write the rest of the essay.The last part of the introduction is the most important component. The writer should state whether the essay's topic pertains to general topics, personal experiences, or res earch findings. If the essay will be about general topics, then this is the best place to list important elements that the essay needs to include.Next, the writer should list the most important elements of the essay. The other parts should then follow along. For example, if the writer wants to write an essay about actors' view points and/or their experiences, they would state these.Once this is done, it is time to list the necessary words that are used in the essay. The writer should be careful not to use the same words more than once.Finally, the essay sample introduction for essay about actors must end with the passage of time. By this, the writer knows that their essay is complete and finished.

Effective Classroom Policies and Procedures

Effective Classroom Policies and Procedures   In order for your classroom to run smoothly you will need to write your own policies and procedures handbook. This handy guide will help you and your students (and parents) know exactly what you expect of them. Here are a few examples of the types of things that you can put into your classroom policies and procedures handbook. Birthdays Birthdays will be celebrated in the classroom. However, in order to ensure the safety of all students in the classroom and throughout the school with life-treating allergies, no food products may be sent in that include peanuts or tree nuts. You may send in non-food items as well such as stickers, pencils, erasers, small grab bags, etc. Book Orders A Scholastic book order flyer will be sent home each month and payments must be received by the date attached to the flyer in order to ensure the order will get out on time. If you wish to place an order online, you will be given a class code to do so. Class DoJo Class DoJo is an online behavior management/classroom communication website. Students will have the opportunity to earn points throughout the day for modeling positive behavior. Each month students can redeem the points earned for various rewards. Parents have the option to download the app which will allow you to receive instant notifications and messages throughout the school day. Communication Building and maintaining a partnership between home and school is essential. Parent communication will be weekly through notes home, emails, a weekly newsletter, on Class Dojo, or on the class website. Fun Friday Each Friday, students who have turned in all their work will earn the chance to participate in â€Å"Fun Friday† activities in our classroom.   A student who has not completed all homework or classwork will not participate, and will go to another classroom to catch up on incomplete assignments. Homework All assigned homework will be sent home in a take-home folder each night. A list of spelling words will be sent home each Monday and will be tested on Friday. Students will also receive a math, language arts, or other homework sheet each night as well. All homework must be turned in the following day unless stated otherwise. There will be no homework on the weekends, only Monday-Thursday. Newsletter Our newsletter will be sent home every Friday.   This newsletter will keep you updated on what is happening at school. You can also find a copy of this newsletter on the class website. Please refer to this newsletter for any weekly and monthly classroom and school-wide information. Parent Volunteers Parent volunteers are always welcome in the classroom, regardless of the age of the students. If parents or family members are interested in helping out on special occasions or would like to donate any school supplies or classroom items, then there will be a sign-up sheet in the classroom, as well as on the classroom website. Reading Logs Reading is an essential and necessary skill to practice each night in order to achieve success in all content areas. Students are expected to read on a daily basis. Each month students will receive a reading log to track the amount of time spent at home reading. Please sign the log each week and it will be collected at the end of the month. You can find this reading log attached to your childs take home folder. Snack Please send in a healthy snack each day with your child. This peanut/tree nut free snack can be anything from goldfish, animal crackers, fruit, or pretzels, to vegetables, veggie sticks, or anything else that you can think of that is healthy and quick. Water Bottles Students are encouraged to bring in a water bottle (filled with only water, not anything else) and keep it at their desk. Students need to be well hydrated in order to remain focused throughout the school day. Website Our class has a website. Many forms can be downloaded from it, and there is much classroom information to be found on it. Please refer to this website for any missed homework assignments, classroom pictures, or any further information.

A person or a show that had an influence on the mass media Essay

A person or a show that had an influence on the mass media - Essay Example Other types of print media include magazines, journals and books. Through evolution, a wide range of newspapers is available for people to choose from in the market. Traditionally, different kinds of newspapers include the tabloids and the broadsheets, each covering different kinds of news. The broadsheet however is the most intellectual of and most informative of the two, as it focuses of the real issues. Contrary to this, the tabloid majors on gossips, entertainment and celebrity as well as sports news. Even as people enjoy their daily reading from their favourite newspapers, may it be news, politics or advertisements, they are little knowledgeable of the evolutionary process that the newspapers have gone through. Some think that they just appeared, while others remain clueless. However, newspapers have an interesting history of their origin and evolution. In this paper, I trace the origin of the brilliant brain behind one of the worlds’ leading forms of mass media communica tion, Johannes Gutenberg. Historical arguments point out that the earliest form of a printed book known as the â€Å"Diamond Sutra† was printed in China in 868 CE. Some historians however argue that this book was printed earlier than this. The truth is not verifiable. However, the man behind this great invention was Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith and a businessman from the mining town of Mainz in southern Germany. Research reveals that Johannes Gutenberg  borrowed money, which he invested in his invention. Luckily, his success drastically changed the world of printing. His earliest form of printing machine, the printing press, was made of replaceable or movable letters that were either wooden or metallic. According to Childress (2008), after a long struggle of trial and error, Gutenberg  completed the machine in 1440. There is an amusing story about how the idea occurred to Johannes. One day, as Johannes sat by the window reading a book chained to the reading table, he c ould not help from smiling at the wonderful ideas that the book contained. Outside, rain was pouring heavily, banging on the window. Suddenly, he felt angered by the precious nature of books then. Disgustingly, he shook his head, and vowed to look for a way that would reduce the value of books and enable people handle them in a different way. This incidence was the beginning of a research that led to the birth of the printing press, subsequently marking the start of mass reproduction of books. However, what benefited the most from this invention was the mass production of newspapers as a form of mass communication. Hundreds of years ago, the only means in which people could write books was by way of handwriting. There was no form of printing or publishing presses available for interested parties to exploit. Due to the rareness of the books, it prompted their chaining to the reading tables as a measure to prevent people from taking them away. Estimated cost of a book then was the cos t of a town house (Childress, 2008). Johannes was born in the year 1398 in Mainz Germany, but later moved to Strasbourg in 1428, escaping the rivalry that existed between the rich and the townspeople. He came from a very rich and powerful family as his father was a jeweller and a goldsmith working at the Mainz Mint. Starting his life as a goldsmith himself, Johannes learnt tips that would latter help him in his invention. Although he fell in love and went ahead to propose to Ennelin zu der Iserin Thure, he changed his mind along the way and broke

Is God a Man or a Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is God a Man or a Woman - Essay Example The Upanishadic texts (like some of the earlier Vedic texts) are primarily concerned with acquiring knowledge of the "soul", "spirit" and "god". The Upanishadic concept of God was abstract and philosophical. Different Upanishadic texts postulated the doctrine of an Universal Soul that embraced all physical beings. All life emanated from this universal soul and death simply caused individual manifestations of the soul to merge or mingle back with the universal soul.. The Hindu philosophy of the Atman and Paramatman finds its basis from this scientific concept. As a corollary to this theory emerged the notion that even as individual beings might refer to this universal soul - i.e. God in varied ways - by using different names and different methods of worship - all living beings were nevertheless related to each other and to the universal God, and capable of merging with the universal god. Such an approach was not incompatible with secular society, and permitted different faiths and sub-faiths to coexist in relative peace and harmony. In the course of defining their philosophy, the scholars of the Upanishad period raised several questions that challenged mechanical theism (as was also done in some hymns from the Rig Veda and Atharva Veda). If God existed as the unique creator of the world, they wondered who created this unique creator. The logical pursuit of such a line of questioning could either lead to an infinite series of creators, or to the rejection or abandonment of this line of questioning. The common theist solution to this philosophical dilemma was to simply reject logic and demand unquestioning faith on the part of the believer. A few theists attempted to use this contradiction to their own advantage by positing that god existed precisely because "He" was indescribable by mere mortals. But, by and large, this contradiction was taken very seriously by the philosophers of the Upanishadic period. The Upanishadic philosophers attempted to resolve this contradiction by defining God as an entity that extend ed infinitely in all dimensions covering both space and time. This was a philosophical advance in that it attempted to come to terms with at least the most obvious challenges to the notion of god as a human-like creator and did not require the complete rejection of logic. In the very process of their questioning, (and albeit speculative reasoning about god), they had opened the door for rationalists and even outright atheists who took their tentative questioning about the role and the character of God as "creator" to conclusions that rejected theism entirely. But in either case, many rationalist and/or naturalist philosophical streams emerged from this initial foundation. Some were nominally theistic (but in the abstract Upanishadic vein), others were agnostic (as the early Jains), while the early Buddhists and the Lokayatas were atheists. Buddhism, on the other hand is basically a religion of the mind, of the present moment awareness, of leading a virtuous and responsible life, and of the individual who is in search of an answer to the problems of change, impermanence and suffering within the confines of his own experience as a practitioner of the Eightfold path. The tenets of Buddhism are not centered around the concept of an universal supreme being, who in other religions, is responsible for

The Dangers of Alcohol Used Minors Essay Example for Free

The Dangers of Alcohol Used Minors Essay â€Å"Plastered, Hammered, Wasted, Drunk, Lifted.. These are all terms my friends use on any given Friday or Saturday night to ask if I want to party for the weekend! When we do get to parties, kids are doing keg stands (Where someone holds your legs up in the air, you grab the keg with both hands, and someone else feeds your beer through the hose upside down. ) We play quarters, beer pong, and flip cup. The drinking games are endless as in the alcohol available to teens. â€Å"Hey Ryan, let’s go out tonight, find a few girls, and throwback a few brewskies! Temptation to drink alcohol as a minor is everywhere! Some corner stores sell it to us, older brothers and sisters get it for us, or we can just wait for someone who looks cool to go in and buy it for us. Before having to do the research on teens and alcohol, I truly did not think it was that big of a deal. I though alcohol was acceptable because everyone does it casually and in order to be popular, you want to fit in at the parties. I believed I could drink 6 beers and 2 shots and probably arrive home safely. I’ve seen kids drink 11-17 beers and still be standing. The amount teens are drinking is truly scary. I have even seen kids get behind the wheel, not realizing how intoxicated they were until they had to get out of the car. These things all frighten me. I know my mom would completely devastated if she knew I was drinking and driving. I have seen tragedy in alcohol related events with my friends, and I do not want to end up being statistic like they were. In March of 2011, 6 of my friends were consuming alcohol and taking Zanax Bars. They weren’t driving, but were so intoxicated, the home caught on fire, and they didn’t wake up in time to get out. All six of my friends died. I’ve seen my friends get arrested and thrown in the back of Police cars for Intoxication. I’ve had a friend fall asleep because she was so drunk and died from crashing her car. The dangers that I have experienced personally go on and on. Having to write this paper has really opened up my eyes to the shocking statistics of teen and alcohol abuse. First, let’s discuss why teens drink alcohol in the first place. Teenagers, like adults, drink alcohol for many different reasons, although some of them are different for teens. Teens are more likely to start experimenting with drinking if they have parents who drink, if they have friends who are also deinking, and if their parents don’t give those clear messages about not drinking outside the house. Also, Alcohol is a powerful drug and changes how you feel. Some of the initial sensations at lower blood alcohol levels are pleasant. It really makes you feel good and lose all the inhibitions you have when you are sober. You will say and do almost anything. It is this sensation that many teens crave. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. So if you’re tense or uptight, drinking some alcohol will, at least in the beginning, reduce some of that tension and will help you â€Å" chill out â€Å". We as teenagers need to consider talking with an adult you trust or a counselor if drinking is something we really want to do. Drinking, especially heavy drinking(4 or more women, 5 or more men) can significantly increase your risk for alcohol-related problems and health problems even as a teenager beginning to experiment with alcohol. It can cause dependency early on, pushing teens to try other things, and either end up in Juvenile Hall, rehab facilities, or even dead. Significant relationships were found between young people’s drinking behaviors and perceptions of risk and protective factors in the family environment. Parental monitoring was strongly associated with modifying teen behavior. There is a real need for alcohol misuse prevention interventions and classes in the high schools. I am currently a sophomore and have not had any classes or assemblies about the dangers of alcohol in teens. Now, let’s discuss the dangers of teen drinking.. Teens don’t just drink. They drink to excess. As I mentioned before, I have seen teenage boys drink even as much 17-18 beers in a night. More than 7 percent of eighth graders, 16 percent of sophomores and 23 percent of seniors report recent binge drinking ( 5+ drinks on the same occasion). Binge drinking used to mean drinking heavily over several days. Now, though, it means drinking way to much in a short amount of time. Liquor stores, commercials advertising alcohol, all make drinking seem attractive and fun. It is so easy for teens to get caught up in a social scene with lots of peer pressure to drink to fit in. Teens love the feeling of alcohol and the way it makes us â€Å"Bulletproof. † We believe it will make us feel good, but don’t think about getting sick or hung over the next day. It helps to relieve stress, but eventually just causes more. Drinking also makes teens feel older and more free. Statistics show that the majority of current teen drinkers got drunk in the previous month. That includes 50 percent of the high school sophomores who drink and 65 percent of the high school seniors who drink. Underage drinking is linked to injury and risky behavior. We can get alcohol poisoning, which is potentially life threatening. It can cause confusion, vomiting, seizures, and low body temperature. Finally, when I am adult and have children, I will educate them before they come in contact with the temptations of being a teenager. It’s easy to see why using alcohol as a solution to problems, or a way of trying to cope, is trouble. Drinking should never take the place of talking things through and working out difficulties in other ways.