Application Letter For The Master Of Public Health Program...

My name is Pratik Dey Sourav, and I am applying to the Master of Public Health program at New York University. The bulk of my professional experience has been as a physician working in Bangladesh, which incidentally was where I first witnessed the power and impact of a well-executed public health program. I recently moved to the United States and am now seeking an education in Public Health to address the gaps in my profile as well as give me access to career opportunities in public health administration. My long term goal is to improve the public health environment in Bangladesh. Working as a medical professional in a developing country opens one’s eyes to how parts of the world can still lag behind what one assumes to be the ‘status quo’ of community health . Even so, focused efforts of well-meaning professionals can truly make a difference in the lives of communities that are otherwise hard-to-reach. Bangladesh has had its fair share of challenges in the public health sector that are still to be surmounted. That said; recent initiatives in public health have yield astonishing improvements in maternal health, infant mortality rates and general community health awareness. In particular, during my first WHO-sponsored project in which I studied maternal mortality in rural Bangladesh, I surveyed one of the most underdeveloped and underprivileged areas of Bangladesh, called ‘Palash Bari’. What I saw there was nothing short of amazing. A village, where even a basic necessityShow MoreRelatedCareer Plan Assignment. Scanning Yourenvir onmentself-Assessmentreality Checkcareer1847 Words   |  8 Pagesmodifiable risk factors for NCDs in adults (Proimos Klein, 2012). Health systems in many countries do not have the physical infrastructure or human resources to deal with the health challenges that they are facing (CIRH, 2013). 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Ââ€"Rudolf Flesch, Why Johnny Still Can t Read, 1981 Illiteracy in America is still growing at an alarmingRead More Benjamin Franklin Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesPhiladelphia, Boston, London, and Paris began using themquot; (Fleming 17). Some of the new electricity related words conceived by Franklin included the condenser, conductor, electric shock, positive and negative electricity, and plus and minus charges. He wrote Poor Richards Almanack in 1732 to explain the practical application of electricity. Both Harvard and Yale gave Franklin honorary degrees of Master of Arts even though his formal education ended in the second grade. After FranklinsRead MoreA Guide to Writing Term Papers4907 Words   |  20 PagesInternet Documentation Formats Current as of January 2003 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Extended Campus Dr. James T. Schultz Program Chair, Bachelor of Science in Technical Management Dr. Stephen B. O’Brien Program Chair, Master of Aeronautical Science Student Guide for Research Papers The following guide is intended to assist students enrolled in the Extended Campus of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. The authors wish to thank Mari Schroering and Ed Landgren for their assistance inRead MoreEssay on Framing the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users9798 Words   |  40 PagesFraming the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users and the Medical Marijuana Movement Nelson A. Pichardo Almanzar Dept. of Sociology Central Washington University Ellensburg, WA 98926 Pichardn@cwu.edu Thanks to Laura Appleton and Ericka Stange for comments on an earlier draft. Thanks also to Kirk Johnson for his assistance in locating criminal data sets. Framing the User: Social Constructions of Marijuana Users and the Medical Marijuana Movement ABSTRACT Social movements are continuouslyRead MoreThe Implementation of Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Philosophy by Maximilien Robespierre and His Purposed Reaction Had He Lived to Witness It6564 Words   |  27 Pagesthing which is a crime at other times becomes a praiseworthy action. Lenience toward conspirators is treason against the people.’ The state can, at times, exercise tremendous power over the individual members: ‘The state, in regard to its members, is master of all their goods. The sovereign -- that is to say the people -- may legitimately take away the goods of everyone, as was done at Sparta in the time of Lycurgus’† (McLetchie).[3] These major points, from which Robespierre would draw his ideas forRead MoreRecruitment Selection process at WNS11192 Words   |  45 PagesWNS GLOBAL SERVICES â€Å" GURU JAMESHWAR UNIVERSITY In the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration (2008-2010) SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Teacher shivani DECLARATION I, Shivani, student of MBA II semester, hereby certify that the project study title â€Å"RECRUITMENT PROCESS † is an original piece of work and is being submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Masters Degree in Business Administration of HRead MoreChanging Behavior Case Study Analysis7120 Words   |  29 Pages Changing Behavior: Insights and Applications Annette Frahm, project manager Dave Galvin Gail Gensler Gail Savina Anne Moser December 1995 Revised June 2001 Local Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County King County Water Pollution Control Division 130 Nickerson St., Suite 100 Seattle, Washington 98109 (206) 263-3050; haz.waste@metrokc.gov Prog-3(12/95)rev.6/01 Introduction Have you ever tried to get a smoker to stop? 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Senior Vice President For Accreditation And Quality...

This letter is sent in response to your announcement of a search for an Associate Vice President for Accreditation and Quality Assurance at LeTourneau University (LETU). The announcement of this search drew my attention because I am familiar with LETU’s institutional effectiveness, assessment, and accreditation efforts, and I believe my background and experience provide an excellent fit with the credentials you seek. I have a keen interest in promoting LETU’s mission of engaging â€Å"learners to nurture Christian virtue, to develop competency and ingenuity in their professional fields, to integrate faith and work, and to serve the local and global community.† I am certain that I can make a positive contribution in support of this vision as†¦show more content†¦We were able to accomplish this distinction despite the fact that the institution had no consistent or formal institutional effectiveness processes in place just 3 years before our compliance r eport was due for submission. Working diligently and cooperatively with administrators, faculty, and staff, we were able to build a successful assessment and institutional effectiveness program. As a member of the SACSCOC Self-Study Steering Committee at SFA, I wrote several significant sections of the compliance report, and responses to the off-site committee and visiting committee reports. Furthermore, I have successfully completed the SACSCOC Institutional Effectiveness Evaluator Training, and have served as an institutional effectiveness reviewer and consultant. As Director of the OSLIA, I was responsible for continuously monitoring SACSCOC standards for changes and revisions, and taking appropriate action or advising the Provost of appropriate responses to ensure ongoing institutional compliance. My duties also required that I write and submit reports to the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) and other agencies. I am currently writing sections of SFA’s SACSCOC Fifth-Year Interim

Analysis Of Purple Hibiscus By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And The Kite Runner Essay Example For Students

Analysis Of Purple Hibiscus By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie And The Kite Runner Essay Nigeria and Afghanistan are two very different Nations, on different continents, with different languages, but no matter where you are from everyone grew up somewhere, and kids of every nation grow up the same as everyone else. Growing up in a certain environment can lead to different personalities and traits, kids with an overly controlled childhood can become ignorant of the real world, and kids who grow up spoiled don t learn to do things on their own. In both Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini the main character, Amir and Kambili respectively, both show great development and change over the course of the novels. Both Amir and Kambili change in their self-perception and how they act on it, how they handle themselves and interact with others, and how they utilize faith. Over the course of the novels each character grows up and changes their self-perception, and how they act based on self-perception. At the beginning of The Kite Runner Amir sees himself as weak, for instance when Haasan is being raped Amir goes through an internal conflict, â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan, †¦ or I could run. In the end I ran.† (Hosseini 77). This shows how as a child towards the beginning of the novel Amir was a coward who didn t think he could change what was happening in the alley. It also showed how he saw himself as better than Hassan, how he was selfish for not helping Haasan because he might himself be hurt. Similarly in Purple Hibiscus Kambili sees herself not as an individual but just a figure who followed Papas orders, who couldn t act on her own, this is clearly shown in . . â€Å"if there s a god out there, then I hope he has more important things to attend to than my drinking scotch or eating pork.†(Hosseini 18-19). This shows that Amir grew up under the influence of a non-religious man consequently Amir grows to be a non-religious man as well, until he is forced to it by the despair of Sohrab’s suicide attempt. Amir follows every word of Baba intently, he imitates him, to the best of his ability, and Baba’s apathy for faith carries over causing Amir to not be religious. Each novel shows the coming of age and development of each main character, both displaying how they change in how they see themselves, how they interact with others and the world and how they use and believe in god within their lives. The novels show how the characters develop through very different societies and very different families, but the similarities are common.

Research Proposal on Foster Care Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Foster Care Paper Foster care is the formal relationship between a foster child and the receiving adoptive parents. Foster care can be private or organized by the youth welfare office. In the latter case, an assistance plan between the parties involved (origin parents, foster parents, youth welfare office) is legally required and regularly reviewed. The students who are about to write a successful research proposal on foster care should know that there are different – not always clearly definable – forms: Daycare: for example, the child may have the hour/half day/full day care with his family/person in occupation of the parents or parent of the parent, but remains normal integrated into the family of origin. Permission from the youth office is required. Complementary care: with deficits of various kinds in the family of origin, there are the foster parents ‘coaches’ with a helping responsibility to offer the child an additional experience. Short-term care: For temporary housing., if, for example, there is a case of taking a single mother suddenly to the hospital or when a removal of a child from the family (so-called. taking into care) must be made immediately to clarify further options. Permanent care/full-time care: on continued education inability of origin parents (reasons such as long-term illness, addiction dependency, etc.) there will be a more extended recording. It is intended (depending on the age of the child) to prevent primary stage of the relationships betwe en the child and the foster parents, while his origin parents may return after appropriate time. Then, if necessary, the child is placed in the foster home. With a full-time foster care, a permission of the youth ministry will be needed. The inclusion of a child with the aim of adoption establishes a permanent foster care, but no adoptive care. Adoptive care: a period of supervision after the consent of the biological parents for adoption (or the replacement by the guardianship court) and the actual adoption of a child. Special forms: depending on the need for assistance additional types may be encountered; be it mixed forms such as weekly care, where a child lives during the week in foster care and on weekends with the family of origin or special care conditions such as professional education agencies, where usually trained educators or employed professionals from the youth welfare bodies spiritually accommodate in their family especially severely traumatized children who could not be absorbed in ordinary foster families. Socio-educational foster care or individual or curative foster families are forms that place particular demands on the skills of the foster parents, but the foster families are not employees of a youth welfare support. However, they get a rate allowance, i.e., the share for education expenses is correspondingly higher. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Foster Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Foster Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Foster Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Use free example research proposal papers that you can find in quantity on the Web for better understanding of the chosen PhD or Master’s degree topic. If you need a custom research proposal on Foster Care – to visit professional research paper writing service.

The Novel, The Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison, Opens With The Nameless

The novel, The Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, opens with the nameless narrator hearing the last words of his dying grandfather. Throughout the rest of the novel, the messages from his grandfather are omnipresent. They foreshadow his downfalls in the future. He is convinced by his parents to ignore his grandfather's words of wisdom by his parents, but his grandfather is right in the end. INSERT TEXT HERE. The narrator is not only a black man, but a black sheep. The narrator sees his education as his hope for the future. When he looks in the briefcase given to him by the superintendent he sees something. It was a scholarship to the state college for Negroes. My eyes filled with tears and I ran awkwardly on the floor. The narrator could now afford to take his education further. Education is so important to the narrator because it raises his status above the other blacks, but when he tried to use the education he faltered. He feels as if he will be able to contribute so much to the world when he receives this scholarship from the superintendent. This gives the narrator a hope for the future. Towards the end of the novel, the narrator begins to realize the truth about his life. I was and yet I was invisible, that was the fundamental contradiction. I was and yet I was unseen. It was frightening and as I sat there I sensed another frightening world of possibilities.

Why Its Important to Read Beowulf

Why Its Important to Read Beowulf In the film Annie Hall, Diane Keaton confesses to Woody Allen her interest in attending some college classes. Allen is supportive, and has this bit of advice: Just dont take any course where you have to read Beowulf. Yes, its funny; those of us who, by professorial demand, have plowed through books written in other centuries know just what he means. Yet its sad, too, that these ancient masterpieces have come to represent a form of scholastic torture. Why bother anyway? you may ask. Literature isnt history, and I want to know what actually happened, not some story about unrealistic heroes who never existed. However, for anyone truly interested in history, I think there are some valid reasons to bother. Medieval literature is history a piece of evidence from the past. While the stories told in epic poems can rarely be taken for actual fact, everything about them illustrates the way things were at the time they were written. These works were morality pieces as well as adventures. The heroes embodied the ideals to which knights of the times were encouraged to strive, and the villains performed actions they were cautioned against and got their comeuppance in the end. This was especially true of Arthurian tales. We can learn much from examining the ideas people had then of how one ought to behave which, in many ways, are like our own views. Medieval literature also provides modern readers with intriguing clues to life in the Middle Ages. Take, for example, this line from The Alliterative Morte Arthure (a fourteenth-century work by an unknown poet), where the king has ordered his Roman guests to be given the finest accommodations available: In chambers with chimpnees they changen their weedes. At a time when the castle was the height of comfort, and all the castle folk slept in the main hall to be near the fire, individual rooms with heat were signs of great wealth, indeed. Read further in the poem to find what was considered fine food: Pacockes and plovers in platters of gold / Pigges of pork despine that pastured never (piglets and porcupines); and Grete swannes full swithe in silveren chargeours, (platters) / Tartes of Turky, taste whom them likes . . . The poem goes on to describe a sumptuous feast and the finest tableware, all of which knocked the Romans off their feet. The likely popularity of surviving medieval works is another reason to study them. Before they were set to paper these tales were told by hundreds of minstrels in court after court and castle after castle. Half of Europe knew the tales in The Song of Roland or El Cid, and everyone knew at least one Arthurian legend. Compare that to the place in our lives of popular books and films (try to find someone who never saw Star Wars), and it becomes clear that each tale is more than a single thread in the fabric of medieval life. How, then, can we ignore these literary pieces when seeking the truth of history? Perhaps the best reason for reading medieval literature is its atmosphere. When I read Beowulf or Le Morte DArthur, I feel as if I know what it was like to live in those days and to hear a minstrel tell the story of a great hero defeating an evil foe. That in itself is worth the effort. I know what youre thinking: Beowulf is so long I couldnt possibly finish it in this lifetime, especially if I have to learn Old English first. Ah, but fortunately, some heroic scholars in years past have done the hard work for us, and have translated many of these works into modern English. This includes Beowulf! The translation by Francis B. Gummere retains the alliterative style and pacing of the original. And dont feel you have to read every word. I know some traditionalists would wince at this suggestion, but Im suggesting it anyway: try looking for the juicy bits first, then go back to find out more. An example is the scene where the ogre Grendel first visits the kings hall (section II): Found within it the atheling bandasleep after feasting and fearless of sorrow,of human hardship. Unhallowed wight,grim and greedy, he grasped betimes,wrathful, reckless, from resting-places,thirty of the thanes, and thence he rushedfain of his fell spoil, faring homeward,laden with slaughter, his lair to seek. Not quite the dry stuff you imagined, is it? It gets better (and more gruesome, too!). So be as brave as Beowulf, and face the fearsome fables of the past. Perhaps youll find yourself by a roaring fire in a great hall, and hear inside your head a tale told by a troubadour whose alliteration is much better than mine.

3. How does Poe use setting as a Gothic element in The Fall of the Essay

3. How does Poe use setting as a Gothic element in The Fall of the House of Usher, William Wilson, and The Tell Tale Heart - Essay Example Thus, references to ‘a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year’, ‘clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens’, ‘passing alone, on horseback’, ‘singularly dreary tract of country’, ‘the melancholy House of Usher’, etc in the story clearly indicate that the author makes use of the setting of the story as a means to create the Gothic mood. A reflective analysis of the Gothic elements in this story confirms that there is an absolute emphasis on setting – both exterior (landscape) and interior (houses and mansion). The author makes use of the fungi covered front of the mansion to create the unusual setting of the story. Similarly, Edgar Allan Poe employs savage actions in the Gothic setting in the story â€Å"William Wilson† which tells about the life and crime of the narrator. The author obviously brings out the Gothic setting of the story when he refers to ‘large, rambling, Elizabethan house, in a misty-looking village of England’, ‘vast number of gigantic and gnarled trees’, ‘dream-like and spirit-soothing place’, ‘the stillness of the dusky atmosphere’, etc. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by Poe is another significant example of how the author uses setting as a Gothic element. In this story, the dark, disconcerting location, death and decay, and the existence of evil and madness, etc bring about the Gothic elements and Poe’s works are celebrated for the exceptional use of medieval settings, shadowy atmospheres, and mysterious and violent

Impact Of Social Media On Samsung Literature review

Impact Of Social Media On Samsung - Literature review Example This study will try to uncover the impact of social media on Samsung. In other words, the study will try to reveal how Samsung gets benefitted from social media. Now before getting into deeper a brief overview of Samsung is presented below. Samsung has its roots back to 70 years when the company was founded by Lee Byung-chill in the Daegu city in the year 1938 (Samsung, n.d.). It started as a small trading company with only forty employees, but with the passage, the company went on to become one of the largest companies in the world. Presently the company is involved in manufacturing and selling consumer electronic goods. The product portfolio of the company include mobiles, laptops, television, air condition, home theatre, microwave oven, camera, refrigerator, and washing machine among numerous others (Yahoo Finance, 2012). The company also has a substantial amount of presence in the social world, which allows them to remain connected with the customers 24*7. According to Qualman (2010), social media on a global platform and enables the world to remain connected. From the business perspective, social media has actually changed the way business has been done. The author also stated that social media helps a company to save its promotional time, stress and cost thereby making it more productive. Along the same line, Sterne (2010) stated that social media is a profit booster, as it lowers the cost drastically. This allows the companies to sell their products at a lower price and can offer value to the customers. Hence, indirectly it helps to satisfy the customers of the company. Noor Al-Deen and Hendricks (2011) in their study found that social media such as Myspace, Facebook, Twitter, Orkut and YouTube among others are growing at an incredible rate. Moreover, the adoption rate of the companies is also high.

M&M PROJECT REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M&M PROJECT REPORT - Essay Example The last part is the quality control where testing if the ratio of candies in each bin are equal. The paper discusses methods, analysis and results of each part of the project (Larson & Farber 37). The report presents the statistical data from M&M investigation. Additionally, the paper contains mean of candies found in each bag. Testing was conducted to ensure that the set proportions are on target. Consequently, hypotheses were done to ascertain that the proportions are also on target. I collected three M&M 1.69 Oz PLAIN M&M candy bag. We counted each color of the candy bag and recorded the total information on a worksheet. The personal samples for the researchers were combined to come up with complete random samples. Each researcher purchased a 1.69Oz bag of plain M&M candy from different shops (Larson & Farber 66). The random sampling method used was to make sure each bag had an equal chance of being selected. Buying the 1.69Oz bags of plain M&M candy ensured a true sample of the bags. After buying the bags were emptied and the number of each candy color was recorded. The results were tabulated as one, in a worksheet. In this section of the project report, I calculated the proportion of samples for each product color. Additionally, I calculated the mean number of 69Oz bags of plain M&M candies (Larson & Farber 74). I created a Histogram for the candies per bag and summarized the number of calculating proportion. I also calculated the sample SD. Histogram’s explanation was also provided. I constructed a confidence level of 95% for the proportion of all colors. Additionally, I constructed the means’ confidence level. I also calculated the smallest sample size needed to calculate the confidence interval of 95% for blue candies having a margin error of 4% (Larson & Farber 73). Using the Confidence interval Science calculator at the link

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Bleach

Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Bleach Household bleach is a common commodity used by all income groups of India. This is mainly because of hot and humid climatic condition which left us with no other choice than white or light colour daily wear clothes. To maintain personal hygiene and attractive look within the available budget it is necessary to use bleaches. One question which bothered me quite often was, when so many bleach brands are accessible, which one is the best to buy and this gave me the idea to frame my research question Investigating the cost-effectiveness of various brands of chlorine-based bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite accessible in Indian Market Thus to determine the usefulness and effectiveness of the bleaches, it was worth calculating the concentration of free chlorine per rupee (Indian currency) spent. The different bleaches were selected and the concentration of the free chlorine was calculated using iodometric titration. The cost per rupee was calculated and comparison was done using statistical tools. After necessary calculations and comparison, it was concluded that the most cost-effective bleach is local bleach. Local bleach has maximum concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent. Although the moles of free chlorine in local bleach is just 0.276mol/dm3 while in that of rin and robin are 0.68mol/dm3 and 0.588mol/dm3 respectively. But the local bleach is quite cheaper to other bleaches. It costs 30 rupees/dm3 while Robin costs 66 rupees/dm3 and Rin costs 80 rupees/dm3. The concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent on bleach is 0.0092mol/dm3 while that of Rin bleach and Robin bleach is 0.0085mol/dm3 and 0.0089mol/dm3. Thus, I conclude that Local Bleach brand is the most cost-effective brand among the three available in India. INTRODUCTION: 1.1 Background As climate of India is hot and humid, people prefer to dress in light or white colour cloth. To keep them clean is a necessity for hygiene. Hence it requires daily washing and using bleach as the light colour fabric expose the stains more easily. When used in approved quantity and right way, bleach removes the nasty stains from white color fabric and brings back the brightness. Looking into Indian economy, it is not possible to buy dresses in large number by masses . Thus easy way out is the use of bleaches. So when I started looking for a topic for my extended essay, my intensions were very clear. I was looking for an area for investigation which will help me to fulfill my requirement to do an essay for my diploma and give me the dual benefit to help my countrymen to choose a better and cost effective bleach which is affordable by them. I have collected the three bleaches which were having the maximum sale in the market , two were branded viz., Rin and Robin and one was a local brand usually purchased by lower income group people. Bleach is a chemical that removes colors or whitens, often via oxidation. Common chemical bleaches include household chlorine bleach, a solution of approximately 3-6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and oxygen bleach, which contains hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing compound such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, or urea peroxide together with catalysts and activators, e.g., tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or sodium nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate.[1] There are other types of bleaches as well for example bleaches which hare used for the bleaching of wood pulp, fats and oils, cellulose, flour, textiles, bee wax, skin etc. the commonly used bleach for this purpose is chlorine dioxide and in a number of other industries. In the food industry, some organic peroxides(benzoyl peroxide,etc.) and other agents (e.g., bromates) are used as flour bleaching and maturing agents. Peracetic acid and ozone are used in the manufacture of paper products, especially newsprint and white Kraft paper.[2] But my investigation is related to household bleach used for removal of stains , which usually contain chlorine, though it often masquerades behind aliases such as sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorite.[3] Household bleach, used to whiten fabrics or remove mold from surfaces, is a 5% solution of a stabilized form of chlorine.[4] It is particularly effective on cotton fiber, which stains easily but bleaches well. Usually 50 to 250 ml of bleach per load is recommended for a standard-size washer. The properties of household bleach that make it effective for removing stains also result in cumulative damage to organic fibers such as cotton, and the useful lifespan of these materials will be shortened with regular bleaching. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) that is also found in household bleach (as noted later) causes fiber degradation as well. It is not volatile, and residual amounts of NaOH not rinsed out will continue slowly degrading organic fibers in the presence of humidity. For these reasons, if stains are localized, spot treatments should be considered whenever possible. With safety precautions, post-treatment with weak organic acids such as acetic acid (vinegar) will neutralize the NaOH, and volatilize the chlorine from residual hypochlorite. Old t-shirts and cotton sheets that rip easily demonstrate the cost s of laundering with household bleach. Hot water increases the activity of the bleach, owing to the thermal decomposition of hypochlorite which ultimately generates environmentally-undesirable chlorate.[5] Color in most dyes and pigments are produced by molecules, such as beta carotene, which contain chromophores. Chemical bleaches work in one of two ways: An oxidizing bleach works by breaking the chemical bonds that make up the chromophore. This changes the molecule into a different substance that either does not contain a chromophore, or contains a chromophore that does not absorb visible light. Reducing bleach works by converting double bonds in the chromophore into single bonds. This eliminates the ability of the chromophore to absorb visible light.[6] The chlorine based bleaches are oxidized bleach. These bleaches have an edge over reducing bleaches because they act as disinfectant as well. The process of bleaching can be summarized in the following set of chemical reactions: Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + HClO(aq) The H+ ion of the hypochlorous acid then dissolves into solution, and so the final result is effectively: Cl2 (aq) + H2O (l) 2H+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) + ClO-(aq) Hypochlorite tends to decompose into chloride and a highly reactive form of oxygen: ClO- Cl- +1/2 O2 This oxygen then reacts with organic substances to produce bleaching or antiseptic effects.[7] To begin my investigation I gathered information about brands of chlorine based bleach, its uses and its contents. From the information collected I found out that sodium hypochlorite is an active ingredient in bleaches. Sodium hypochlorite is the magical ingredient which removes stains from the clothes. So if I find out which bleach has the more concentration of sodium hypochlorite and is cheaper than other bleaches will be considered as the best bleach for Indian people. This observation led to my precise topic selection that is Investigating the cost-effectiveness of various brands of chlorine-based bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite accessible in Indian Market After selection of topic next obvious step was to find various methods available in literature and select for an appropriate method for the estimation of the sodium hypochlorite in the bleaches. Various methods available are discussed in the methodology section of my essay. The one I have selected is based on the fact that it is easy to do and also gives a fair estimation of the concentration of hypochlorite in the available laboratory conditions. 1.2 Methods to judge the cost effectiveness of Bleach Some of the methods available in literature for the estimation of concentration of sodium hypochlorite are discussed below: Method 1: One of the common methods is to add excess hydrogen peroxide to a measured amount of bleach. This will result in the formation of oxygen gas. The volume of the gas is collected over water and measured. This is then used to calculate the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in a house hold bleach sample. A few commercial bleaches in their containers, with prices, can be placed on a suitable tray, each with a 10 cm3 syringe and 250 cm3 beaker, both labeled, into which small samples of the bleach can be placed. Measure 5 cm3 of each bleach into their side-arm flask for each experiment. Small samples of the hydrogen peroxide solution could be collected in a 100 cm3 beaker. Bleaches liberate toxic chlorine gas on contact with acids. The chemical reaction involved is H2O2(aq) + NaOCl(aq) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) + O2(g) Direct comparison of volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder can be used to compare the effectiveness of the bleach.[8] Method 2: Spectophotometric method has also been employed for the quantitative estimation of sodium hypochlorite in commercially available bleach solution. The method is based directly on the absorbance of hypochlorite in alkaline aqueous media. The other method takes advantage of the quantitative reaction of hypochlorite and ammonia in alkaline solution to form chloramine, which has a higher molar absorptivity.[9] Method 3: Another most common laboratory method is IODOMETRIC TITRATION. We can determine the OCl- ion content of a bleaching solution by reacting a known mass or volume of the solution with excess reducing agent, such as iodide ion (I-) in an acidic solution. OCl- (aq, colorless) + 2I-(aq, colorless) + 2H3O+(aq) -> I2(aq, brown) + Cl-(aq, colorless) + 3H2O(l) The reaction above proceeds to completion. Visible evidence of reaction is the change in the appearance of the solution from colorless to brown, due to the formation of iodine (I2). In the presence of excess I- ion, the amount of I2 formed is a measure of the amount of OCl- ion reacting. Then we determine the amount of I2 formed by titrating the I2 with a standard sodium thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3). The titration reaction for this experiment is shown in the equation below. I2 (aq, brown) + 2 S2O3-2(aq, colorless) > 2I ­- + 2S4O3-2(aq, colorless) Thiosulfate ion is a reducing agent that reacts quantitatively with I2. The titration reaction is complete when the I2 formed from the reaction of OCl ­Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­- ion with I ­- ion is reconverted to I- ion by S2O3-2 ion. As the titration proceeds, the I2 concentration in the solution decreases. This causes the solution color to change from brown to pale yellow near the end of titration. The end point occurs when all the I2 has reacted and the solution is colorless. Because the change from yellow to colorless is not very distinct, establishing the end point of this final color change is difficult. We can make the end point more distinct by adding a small amount of starch solution to the titration mixture when the solution turns pale yellow. The unreacted I2 combines with the starch, forming a deep blue complex. The starch molecules tend to curl up into spirals and the hole formed is just the right size for the iodine molecules to fit in. Additional S2O3-2 ion reacts with the complex I2, causing a breakdown of the complex. Disappearance of the blue color signals the end point.[10] We can determine the concentration of OCl- ion in the solution. The moles of iodine in the solution are equal to moles of sodium hypochlorite. So then we can find out the concentration of OCl-. I have used the iodometric titration for my investigation because It is easy to carry it out in school laboratory conditions. Gas volume measurement often leads to more random errors in the measurements which ultimately affect the concentration calculations. Spectrophotometric methods are most reliable method but due to non availability of the instrument, I took the decision to stick to iodometric titration. 2. METHODOLOGY: 2.1 Hypothesis More the sodium thiosulfate used to titrate the solution more effective is the bleach at removing the stains. The bleach which has high concentration of sodium hypochlorite is better at removing stains then the bleach with less concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Based on Indian mentality, the expensive the bleach the better is it at removing the stains. The expensive brand should be more cost effective. 2.2 Selection of bleaches 3 different chlorine-based bleaches containing sodium hypochlorite which are easily available in Indian market. The first one is rin bleach which is thought to be the best bleach because it is expensive of all bleaches available in the market. It costs 40 Rs for 500 ml. The second bleach which I have taken is robin which costs 33 Rs for 500ml, a great competitor to RIN. And the third bleach which I have taken is bleach from a local brand which costs only 15Rs for 500ml. 2.3 Experiment 1 Make a soya bean solution using 17 grams of soyabean and dissolved up to 100 cm3 mark. Put three drops of the solution on a piece of cloth and using a syringe the amount of bleach required to remove the stain should be noted down. 2.4 Experiment 2 As told earlier I will be using titration with sodium thiosulfate for calculating the concentration of sodium thiosulfate in the bleaches. The method involves two main steps. Step 1: Standardizing the solution of sodium thiosulfate solution As sodium thiosulfate is not a primary standard, so it was standardized using a known concentration of potassium iodate KIO3 and the exact concentration of sodium thiosulfate was calculated. Approximately 8.00 ±0.01 grams of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3 5H2O) was taken a 100 cm3 beaker and dissolved by adding small amount of double distilled water. It was stirred using a glass rod till it was completely dissolved. Solution was transferred to 250 cm3 of standard flask carefully using a funnel. Solution was made up to the mark and mixed well by tilting the flask three times. A solution of potassium iodate, KIO3 (0.2 Mole/dm3) was prepared by dissolving 10.7 ±0.01 grams of KIO3 in 100 cm3 beaker and dissolving it in minimum amount of water and making the solution in 250 cm3 standard flask. Further 25.0 ±0.06 cm3 of KIO3 solution is pipette out using a 25.0 ±0.06 cm3 pipette and a pipette filler and poured in standard measuring flask and solution was made 250 cm3 using distilled water. Preparation of 1 mol/dm3 of sulfuric acid Take 55cm3 of 98% pure sulphuric acid in 100cm3 measuring flask. Now slowly pour this acid into 500cm3 of constantly stirred water in a beaker Now transfer this solution into 1dm3 conical flask and add water till the 1dm3 mark. Preparation of 10% potassium iodide Take 10grams of potassium iodide Dissolve it in 100cm3 solution Preparation of 2%starch indicator Take 2grams of starch Add little bit of cold water until a smooth paste is obtained Add 100cm3 of boiling water and stir Heat the solution until the solution is clear 25.0 ±0.06 cm3 of KIO3 solution is pipette out using a 25.0 ±0.06 cm3 pipette and a pipette filler and poured in conical flask. 10.00 ±0.05 cm3 of potassium iodide (10% w/v) is added to the flask using a measuring cylinder. To this solution 10 .00 ±0.05 cm3 of sulfuric acid (1 mol/dm3) is added to the flask using another measuring cylinder. Sodium thiosulfate is filled in 50.00 ±0.05 cm3 burette and added to the conical flask containing KIO3, KI and H2SO4solution till the solution in the conical flask turned pale yellow. 2 to 3 drops of starch solution (1% w/v) was added to the conical flask. The solution turned blue black. More sodium thiosulfate was added to the conical flask with constant swirling till the solution turned colorless. The final volume of thiosulfate solution added is recorded Three concordant readings are taken to have consistency in the recorded data Step 2: Titration of the different brands of bleaches using standardized solution of sodium thiosulfate. Thus calculating the concentration of sodium hypochlorite present in different brands of bleaches. Procedure: I have taken 25.0 ±0.06cm3 of Rin bleach using a pipette and pipette filler into 250cm3 graduated flask. To this water was added to make the solution up to 250cm3 mark. 25.0 ±0.06cm3 of the solution poured with the help of pipette into a conical flask and the same procedure as given above was repeated with RIN bleach followed by the other two bleaches, Robin and local brand. 3. Data collection and processing: 3.1 Finding out the concentration of Sodium Thiosulfate Standardization of sodium thiosulfate: Volume of potassium iodate taken in conical flask = 25.0 ±0.06 cm3 final burette reading / cm3 ±0.05cm3 20.10 19.90 20.00 initial burette reading / cm3 ±0.05cm3 0.00 0.00 0.00 volume of sodium thiosulfate used / cm3 ±0.1cm3 20.10 19.90 20.00 Average volume of sodium thiosulfate used = 20.00 cm3 Calculations: 25.0 cm3 of KIO3 solution required 20.00 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate. The ionic equation related to the titration is IO3-1 + 5I-1 + 6H+  ® 3I2 + 3H2O The I2 produced by the reaction between iodate ion and iodide ion is related stoichiometrically to thiosulfate ion as follows I2 + 2S2O32-  ® S4O62- + 2I-1 Moles of KIO3 (0.1 Mol/dm3) in diluted solution = 0.01 mol/dm3 Moles of 0.01 mol/dm3 KIO3 in 25 cm3 of solution = 0.01 x 25 x 10-3 = 0.25 x10-3 Ratio of moles of KIO3: I2 1 : 5 So moles of I2 in solution = 5 x 1 x 0.25 x10-3 = 1.25 x10-3 Ratio of moles of I2 : S2O32- 1 : 2 Therefore moles of thiosulfate = 2 x 1 x 1.25 x10-3 = 2.50 x 10-3 20.00 cm3 of thiosulfate solution has 2.50 x 10-3 moles Therefore the concentration of thiosulfate solution = 2.50 x 10-3 x 103/20.00 = 0.125 mol/dm3 3.2 collection T value for the t- test between RIN and ROBIN is 36.83644 This value is a lot higher than the cut off value (2.31. using degrees of freedom= [n1-1] + [n2-1] = 8) at a 5% significance level. This implies that there is lot lesser than .1% chance that the 2sets of readings belong to one population or the difference is just difference is insignificant. 3.3 Calculation 25.0 cm3 of diluted Rin brand bleach solution required 27.8 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate. Moles of sodium thiosulphate= Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions 2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq) Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate à · 2 Moles of I2 = 0.00348 à · 2 Moles of I2 = 0.0017 moles 1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine. Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq) The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN 1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ´25cm3 of diluted bleach solution contains 0.0017 moles of chlorine Therefore the undiluted bleach solution of 25 cm3 would contain .017 moles Concentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of RIN bleach solution is Therefore the concentration is 0.34mol/500cm3 of RIN bleach. Therefore the concentration is 0.68mol/dm3. 25.0 cm3 of diluted Robin brand bleach solution required 23.53 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate. Moles of sodium thiosulphate= Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions 2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq) Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate à · 2 Moles of I2 = 0.00294 à · 2 Moles of I2 = 0.00147 moles 1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine. Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq) The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN 1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ´25cm3 of dilute bleach solution contains 0.00147 moles of chlorine Concentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of Robin bleach solution is Therefore the concentration is 0.294 mol/500cm3 of Robin bleach. Therefore the concentration is 0.588mol/dm3. 25.0 cm3 of diluted LOCAL brand bleach solution required 11.07 cm3 of Sodium thiosulfate. Moles of sodium thiosulphate= Moles of iodine, I2, were present in the conical flask after the bleach reacted with an excess of iodide ions 2S2O32-(aq) + I2(aq) S4O62-(aq) + 2I-(aq) Moles of I2 = moles of sodium thiosulphate à · 2 Moles of I2 = à · 2 Moles of I2 = 0.00069 moles 1 mol of iodine is displaced by 1 mol of free chlorine. Cl 2(aq) + 2I-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + I2 (aq) The free chlorine concentration, in mol dm-3, of the bleach RIN 1 mole iodine = 1 mole of free chlorine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ´25cm3 of diluted bleach solution contains 0.00069 moles of chlorine Concentration of iodine in 500 cm3 of Local bleach solution is Therefore the concentration is 0.138mol/500cm3 of RIN bleach. Therefore the concentration is 0.276mol/dm3. 3.4 analysis and interpretation Calculating the cost-effectiveness BRAND RIN ROBIN LOCAL Concentration of free chlorine (mol/dm3) 0.68 0.588 0.276 Price of 500cm3 bleach in rupees 40 33 15 Price of 1dm3 bleach (=price of 500cm3ÃÆ'-2) in rupees 80 66 30 Concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent on bleach (=concentration of free chlorine in 1dm3 bleach/price of 1 dm3 bleach) 0.0085 0.0089 0.0092 Matrix 1 It can be seen from the experiment 1 higher amounts of bleach is used to remove the stain as we move from RIN to ROBIN to the local brand. And as it can also be seen from the histogram above (graph 1) that the free chlorine concentration decreases as we move from RIN to ROBIN to the local brand it can be inferred that higher the concentration lesser is the amount of bleach required. How so ever the amount of free chlorine required is nearly the same 4. Conclusion: 4.1 Results The free chlorine concentration per rupee spent is maximum of local brand bleach. Therefore the local bleach is most cost-effective bleach. The local brand bleach over takes other branded bleaches like RIN and Robin which are very famous in Indian market. There is a very small difference between each of them when we calculate the concentration of free chlorine per rupee spent. But when we see the concentration of free chlorine in rin and robin they are quite higher then local brand. Local brand has very less moles of sodium hypochlorite per dm3 of the bleach. So the volume required to remove a stain by local brand bleach would be quite large then the volume required of rin or robin brand bleach. This can give a wrong impression that the other brands are better or more efficient at removing stain. But we know that it isnt so. Only if higher amounts of the local brands were used the same stain would take lesser money to be removed. This proves the Indian mentality. Resolved questions Is the amount of sodium thiosulfate used proportional to the amount of free chlorine atoms- Yes very much. It can be inferred by comparing graph 1 (or matrix 1) and graph 2 Does the concentration of sodium hypochlorite affect the effectiveness of the bleach- Higher the concentration of sodium hypochlorite more is the effectiveness of the bleach. Inferred from graph 1 (or matrix 1) and table 1 Checking the Indian mentality- It depends on the amount of bleach used. But it can easily be inferred that the local brand is a lot more cost efficient Deriving the cost effectiveness of different brands of bleach Hypothesis 1 and 2 were confirmed to be true via experimentation while the other two hypotheses (namely 3 and 4) are proved to be wrong. Evaluation Weaknesses It isnt very easy to note down the point of the end of the titration. Accuracy can tend to pose a problem The distil water can have other salts present Improvements Colorimetry should be used for knowing the end point More accurate burettes can be used Ultra pure water should be used rather than distilled water 4.2 Extension The other method should be used. A more number of brands should be used. Other active ingredients should be tested for. Biologically active organisms like bacterias should also be considered. The activity of the other active substances should be tested. 5. BIBLOGRAPHY: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach http://www.ozonesolutions.com/Ozone_Color_Removal.html http://www.care2.com/grrenliving/chlorine-in-household-cleaners.html# http://dhs.wi.gov/eh/ChemFS/fs/chlorine.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite Field, Simon Q (2006). Ingredients Bleach. Science Toys. http://sci-toys.com/ingredients/bleach.html. Retrieved 2006-03-02. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach http://www.practicalchemistry.org/experiments/estimation-of-the-concentration-of-household-bleach,253,EX.html Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, volume 59, issue 8, pages 1168, 1170 www.cerlabs.com/experiments/10875404162.pdf Other Sources Referred: Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level May/June 2006 paper http://science.jrank.org/pages/6243/Sodium-Hypochlorite.html http://www.howstuffworks.com/question189.htm http://www.factsaboutbleach.com/ Handbook of detergents, Volume 5 By Uri Tsoler, Guy Broze. Pages 621-627

The Whiskey Rebellion Essay -- History USA Historical Essays

The Whiskey Rebellion CONTENTS 1. Introduction to the French and Indian War 2. Domestic and social differences in the region 3. Washington?s statement 4. Attack on the Lys 5. Battle for the Fort Lydius 6. Battle for Forts William Henry and Bull 7. Battle for Fort Oswego 8. Battle for Quebec 9. Treaties Senecas and Paris   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 helped bring about the demise of the aristocratic Federalist Government in favor of the democratic Republican Government, concerned with the needs of all of its citizens. The new country of the United States of America suffered many growing pains in trying to balance its commitment to liberty with the need for order. How much control is enough and what will be too much? After the Revolutionary War, the country purposely did not have a strong central government (that's what we fought against with the British). The states did as they pleased because the Articles of Confederation in 1781 gave them every power, jurisdiction and right not expressly delegated to the Continental Congress. Congress had no power to tax, regulate commerce, draft troops, or enforce foreign treaties. It was mainly a friendly overseer: thus the expression "the Do-Nothing Congress." Each state considered itself sovereign, free and independent, and easterners and westerners were separated by geography as well as their own concerns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To make matters worse, Spain and Britain were wreaking havoc along our borders. British troops, violating the Treaty of Paris, refused to vacate their garrisons along the Great Lakes; Spain, who held New Orleans, closed the Mississippi River to American shipping below Nachez and actively encouraged American settlers to break away from the Union and establish relations with them; Westerners in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia and Pennsylvania were subjected to attacks by marauding Indians (often instigated by the Spanish and British). Congress did not have the power to send troops for defense or protection, and the easterners in these states were too busy with politics to worry about their western frontiersmen. Consequently, the westerners did as they pleased with no regard to the laws the easterners made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  States had the power to levy taxes. Massachusetts imposed hefty taxes to help pay off its war debts. With the postwar depression, many farmers had trouble paying their mortgages... ...ependent people west of the mountains to submit to Federalist principles, as the unwillingness of the farmers of the Shays Rebellion, helped publicize some of the problems the settlers were having and allowed citizens to voice their disapproval of their government without being considered treasonous. Two of the rebels in the Whiskey Rebellion were tried for treason, convicted, and then pardoned by President Washington. Thomas Jefferson condemned the use of military force and Hamilton's misuse of federal power. Hamilton's vision of an aristocracy for the federal government was fortunately put to rest as the Republican-Democrat Party replaced it and evolved into the government that we have today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brinkley, Alan. "The Unfinished Nation." McGraw-Hill, New York. 2000. 150-170. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kauffman, Bruce. "Viewpoint The Whiskey Rebellion: Taxing "Sin" Then and Now." The Early American Review. Fall 1996. http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/fall96/whiskey.html. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maddox, Robert James. "American History Volume I." Dushkin/McGraw-Hill, New York. 1999. 72-81. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Specht, Elmer E. "The Whiskey Rebellion of 1974. http://capo.org/opeds/whiskey.html.

No child left behind policy

Education indeed is a very important aspect in an individual’s life. In a personal quest for enhancing and developing oneself in general so as his or her innate talents will actually determine the possibilities of the future of the said individual whereas it will actually reflect whether that individual will indeed be successful or fail in his or her own path in life. The education that is said to be relevant is the one where the individual will actually gain experience, basic and practical knowledge and will train and develop the innate qualities and characteristics of an individual’s personality. The basic elements and characteristics of the concept of education in the society is the one wherein the whole process is governed and being guided by a certain individual tasked to be the teacher. Since the whole process itself of education is very complicated and intricate in its nature of guiding the one learning, the teacher’s actions and personal concept on the matter is very much relevant to the whole concept. From this, the possibilities of the outcome of the educational process will be generally based on the actions and perception of the teacher and how he or she will facilitates the whole learning environment. The very basic methodology of the teacher that is being applied in the learning process is very much significant to the attainment of positive results mainly on the part of the students. Through the questioning procedures being applied by the teacher, he or she can actually encourage the student’s interest on the learning process thus, also engaging the student’s thinking and logical abilities on the activity. In addition, the application of effective questioning methodology can also encourage the students in a reasoning debate with their teachers and fellow students in their class thus developing their sense of reasoning and probing their own opinion. Involve in this concept also is the positive development of personal characteristics and perspective of the students by comparing their own thinking to the others thus evolving their convincing and descriptive skills and also their listening and correlating abilities. Thus, the use of effective questioning methodology of the teacher can create a harmonious classroom environment where students can share and acquire different opinions and ideas. Through the employment of the concept of a good and harmonious educational environment, students can further develop and hasten their own personal characteristics while they themselves are involve in the learning process. Students will be able to develop their communication skills with their fellow students in exchanging and sharing their personal opinions. In addition, student enthusiasm and participation can be actively encouraged through developing good learning environment. Because of this concept, teacher’s application of his or her own effective questioning methodology is very much significant because this will actually promote the positive environment in the educational group and organization. Another benefit of employing effective questioning in the learning process is its significance in the communication aspect on the part of the teacher and the student. Exchanging opinions and comments between the two parties is also relevant to the development of the teaching methodology on the part of the teacher and the inquisitions of the student regarding the education. By employing effective questioning methodology, teachers can promote an educational environment wherein students can also raise feedbacks and suggestions to the teaching style and methodology of the teacher thus improving the adequacy of the instructional methodology of the teacher. Thus, employing an efficient and positive questioning methodology is indeed significant to the learning process of the student and the development of the teaching style and application on the part of the teacher. In addition, employing efficient questioning tactics and methodology can also promote development of a good and harmonious communication environment that can inspire exchange of ideas and opinions from among the students and between them and the teacher. With this, learning will significantly progress on the part of the students while evolving their own personal characteristics in correlating and communicating with others. Because of these reasons, indeed applying an effective questioning methodology is important in achieving positive results in the learning development of the students and their teacher. What Parents Could Do Parent’s involvement and participation to their child’s learning development has been proven to have positive results. It appears that the simple encouragement and appreciation that parents have toward their child’s accomplishment and academic and scholarly activities will help the child’s esteem and positive perceptions toward his or her academe. This idea is also supported by study conducted by Bornholt and Goodnow (1999) about the relationship of parental expectations and adolescent disclosure to the academic competence of students. Accordingly, they concluded that: â€Å"Adolescent self-disclosure to parents suggested an important addition to the model of family influences on the adolescents ‘sense of academic achievement† (Bornholt and Goodnow, 1999). This conclusion agrees with that of the journal article written by McGrath and Repetti (2000) but the center of the article is about the difference of influence by the mother and the father regarding the academic competence of the child. Thus, the statistical study presented in the journal article is about the differences between the mother’s and father’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance. According to the statistical research of McGrath and Repetti (2000), parent’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance are gender-differentiated. That is, mothers are believed to be concerned about the performance of both their sons and daughters while fathers are more concerned about their son’s. In addition, mothers tend to set lower academic performance standard compare to that of the father’s making them more relentless about the academic performance of their children. Using methodology like conducting statistical survey and observing a random families and their educational institution, they determined the mean and significant differences between the mother’s and father’s involvement in their children’s academic performance. Also, they handed out questionnaires and performed interviews to determine the response of the parents regarding this psychological and sociological idea. Basing from their data, McGrath and Repetti (2000) found out that girls and boys perceived themselves to be more academically competent when their mothers reported greater satisfaction with their performance in school making their commendation and acknowledgement with their children’s accomplishments more significant to the children’s academic self-perception. Conclusion Though there is only little significant difference among the influence of the participation of the mother and the father regarding the academic performance and self-perception of the child, the effect itself and significance depends solely on what the child thinks about it and how he or she will respond to it. One reason why it appears that mother’s participation have great effect seems to reciprocate from the fact that mothers are more open and emotional close to the children compare to fathers. Thus, the child might rely more on the help and support of the mother because it is easier to gain or the child is more emotional attached to her thus desiring to please her more. Other case where the father’s participation has more significant impact depends maybe on the situation itself like scenarios where the mother’s participation cannot be easily achieved or the child personally has more emotional connection with him than the mother might result to the said conclusion. Thus, the differences between the influence of the participation and satisfaction by the mother and the father with their child’s academic performance and to the child’s self-perception do not rouse much concern. Most important is that parent’s participation, interest and satisfaction to the child’s academic performance whether from the mother or the father are essential to the child’s emotional, and mental development and his or her self-esteem and perception. References: Archived Information (October 1997). Family Involvement in Children’s Education. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/FamInvolve/execsumm.html. November 16, 2007. Bornholt, L. J. and Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Cross-Generation Perceptions of Academic Competence: Parental Expectations and Adolescent Self-Disclosure. Journal of Adolescent Research. Sage Publications. Cotton, Kathleen and Wikelund, Karen Reed (August 2001). Parent Involvement in Education. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html. November 16, 2007. McGrath, Emily P. and Rena L. Repetti (Dec 2000). Mother’s and Father’s Attitudes Toward Their Children’s Academic Performance and Children’s Perceptions of Their Academic Competence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 29.6. National Education Association (2006). Getting Involved in Your Child's Education. http://www.nea.org/parents/index.html. November 16, 2007. ;

How Does Your Child Act essays

How Does Your Child Act essays First of all I think that in the back of every parents mind are questions concerning their childs future. Like will it be a doctor, a lawyer, or the next president of the United States. But with these questions there are also more questions that are not discussed freely like what if it is a bad child or it is uncontrollable? And will it do drugs or try alcohol and smoke cigarettes? Another question that might be in the back of a parents mind is about its childs sexual orientation. I know this may seem far fetched to some people but if I had a child right now in todays world, that question would not be in the back of my mind but in the front. I know that any parent and including me will love their child no matter what its sexual orientation, but I know that most if not all parents would prefer that their kids be straight. This is not so they wont be embarrass or ashamed by their child, but only for the protection of their child. As we all know this world is not a safe place for people that are different. I think that parents are concerned when their girl acts like a tomboy, but they get really scared when their son starts doing what we traditionally consider girl stuff. A child should be raised to be whomever he or she chooses and the child shouldnt have to accept society, but society should accept the child A parents reaction to their daughter acting like a tomboy is very passive and they play it off humorously and sometimes they even encourage it. This doesnt apply to some parents but most parents react this way when their daughter acts like a boy and does boy stuff. I used to know a girl that was a tomboy. She always hung around with boys even in middle school. She had al guy friends and would play boys games. Not once did I ever hear her parents say anything to make her stop acting like a tomboy, instead they encouraged. For instance they...

Natural gas, oil, coal, and Uranium in Russia

Natural gas, oil, coal, and Uranium in Russia Introduction Russia’s economy is ranked 9th in the world in terms of GDP, 6th in terms of purchasing power and 3rd in terms of military spending. The country’s GDP was estimated at around 2.4 trillion dollars (FYE 2011) and a per capita income of 16 736 dollars (Index Mundi, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Natural gas, oil, coal, and Uranium in Russia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the 2012 estimates, the Russian population is believed to be over 140 million with an unemployment rate of 6 percent. An average Russia earns approximately over 640 dollars a month. Mineral fuel, oil, metals and timber represents over 80 percent of the country’s exports. Despite of the increased energy prices, mineral fuel and oil only contributes 4 percent of the country’s GDP and the government expects a further drop in this figure (Index Mundi, 2012). Russia is not only the largest coun ty in the world but also the richest in terms of mineral resources. The country covers over 75 percent of the former Soviet Union territory. The country holds the largest natural gas reserves and is among the top ten in terms of crude oil reserves. In addition, Russia is the fifth producer and the third largest exporter of coal in the world. In terms of coal reserves, the country is second only to the United State of America. Russia’s mineral fuels also include uranium which is used in the local nuclear power plant (Grama, 2012, p. 82). Russia’s mineral fuel According to the U.S department of energy, Russia’s natural gas reserve is about 50 trillion cubic meters. Most of the country’s gas reserves are located in West Siberia. However, Orenburg region and Komi Republic in the North also produces significant amounts of natural gas. Russia is the second largest producer and exporter of natural gas in the world, contributing more than a third of the global na tural gas export. Local consumption of the natural gas is about 70 percent. Therefore, local demand still allows for export. The country’s natural gas is mainly exported to Europe and Central Asia (Grama, 2012, p. 83).Advertising Looking for report on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Three natural gas fields, Yamburg and Urengoi and Orenburg, accounts for more than 79 percent of the country’s production. Natural gas production is mainly under the control of Gazprom Company. The Russian government is the main shareholder of the company with 39.89 percent ownership (Grama, 2012, p. 85). With the discovery of new gas fields and increased capacity, Russia’s natural gas production is expected to increase by 890 cubic meters in 2020. The rising trend of natural gas production has enabled the country to meet its domestic demand and increase export (Levine, 2001, p. 11). According to the U.S ener gy department, Russia’s oil reserve is about 7 billion metric tons. Major oil reserves are also based in the West Siberia basin (Tomsk, Tyumen and another 300 field), Ural basin (Volga field) and Pechora Basin (Timam field) (Matthews, 2008, p. 372). In 1980s U.S.S.R was the leading global producer of oil, with Russia accounting for more than 95 percent of the overall production. However, the fall of the Soviet Union and other economic factors including unstable oil prices in the global market and the dominance of U.S dollar saw a sharp decline in the country’s oil production (Grama, 2012, p. 85). Currently, Russia produces about 500 million tons oil per year and some experts argue that the country can afford to maintain the same capacity up to 2050 given their potential reserves. The country’s petroleum export is mainly crude oil. Russia crude oil export was estimated to be about 8.4 million barrels/day in 2011. Major importers of Russia’s crude oil come from central Asia (China and Japan), Europe (former members of the Soviet Union) and North America (U.S and Canada). The country’s total coal reserve is estimated to about 150 billion metric tons which is mostly brown and hard coal. There was a massive decline in coal production in the late 80s and 90s but the situation changed since 2000.The growth of coal production has surpassed the growth of petroleum and natural gas production.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Natural gas, oil, coal, and Uranium in Russia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike oil and gas whose local consumption is over 70 percent, over half of the coal produced is exported. Ninety percent of Russia’s coal exports go to the European markets (Lawson, 2002, p. 8). Coal production is expected to increase with the depletion of oil and natural gas reserves in the future. Even though the country has more than 20 coal basins, most of th e coal produced comes from 7 basins. The country’s 7 major basins are Donetskii basin, Moscow basin, Pechora basin, Kansk-Achinsk basin, Irkutsk basin, Kuznetski basin, and South Yakutsk basin. The country’s coal is transported through railroad and sea (Rosner, 2010, p. 3). Russia’s nuclear fuel is principally Uranium. However, the country also produces plutonium but in small quantity. According to the London Uranium institute, the country has over 200000 tons of Uranium reserves. The country has only one uranium mining project and all of it is consumed locally. In other words, Russia does not export Uranium instead it imports more. The country has nine nuclear power plants with over 20 million kilowatt capacity (Levine, 2001, p. 9). Russia-Canada trade The bilateral relationship between Russia and Canada has increased significantly over the last decade (Government of Canada, 2012). Canadian exports to Russia have increased by 154.3 percent since 1998. The figur e increased from 180 million dollars to over 1.58 billion dollars in 2011. Most of the Canada’s exports to Russia include automobiles and parts, machineries, aircrafts and parts, and processed food. On the other hand, Russia’s export to Canada totaled about 1.35 billion dollars in 2011. Canada’s imports from Russia mostly include mineral fuels and oil, metals, gem stones, rubber and inorganic chemicals. The trade relationship between these countries also includes service exchange. In 2011, Russia received 500 million dollars for services rendered and spent 260 million dollars for services received (Government of Canada, 2012).Advertising Looking for report on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Khondaker (2008, p. 2), Russia and Canada have become significant trade partners, even though trade between these two countries is still low compared with other countries. Russia imports largely manufactured goods from Canada. On the other hand, its exports are mainly coal, crude oil and natural gas. According to Khondaker (2008), if not for mineral fuels, Canada would have registered a surplus of more than 700 million dollars in 2008 (p. 3). Mineral fuel represents 16 percent of the whole Canada’s exports from Russia. Over the last ten years Canada has registered a trade deficit with Russia. The deficit was estimated to be about 1.25 billion dollars in 2008 (Khondaker, 2008, p. 4; Matthews, 2008, p. 372). Conclusion Russia is among the top global producers of petroleum, natural gas, and coal. The country’s mineral fuel and oil reserves are in billions of metric tons. The bilateral trade relations between Russia and Canada have considerably grown over the last one decade. Russia import mainly manufactured goods from Canada and exports mineral fuel and crude oil. The trade balance between these two countries tends to favor Russia. However, mineral fuel and oil only contributes less than ten percent to the GDP. References Government of Canada. (2012). Canada Russia Relations. Web. Grama, Y. (2012). The Analysis of Russian Oil and Gas Reserves. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2 (2), 82-91. Index Mundi. (2012). Russia Economy Profile 2012. Web. Khondaker, J. (2008). Canada’s Trade with Russia: 1998 to 2007. Canadian Trade Highlights, ISBN: 978-0-662-43652-2. Web. Levine, R.M. (2001). The Mineral Industry of Russia. Journal of Geological Survey, 4 (1), 5-30. Matthews, M.J. (2008). Energy competition and international relations. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 29 (4), 371-376. Lawson, P. (2002). An Introduction to the Russian Coal Industry. Charleston, West Virginia: Marshall Miller and Associate s. Rosner, K. (2010). Russian Coal: Europe’s New Energy Challenge. Climate Energy Paper Series 2010.

Igneous Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Igneous - Essay Example Igneous rocks are made when molten rock material called magma cools and solidifies. Magma may be thought of as a molten rock but it is not regularly a simple molten fluid. Nonetheless, it is rather a multifaceted blend of molten solid materials, for example, crystals, rocks, as well as dissolved vapor. Magma’s chemical composition and physical properties such as viscosity and density are all important factors that control magma’s overall behavior, for instance, how fast or slow it will move, how explosive it will be, what minerals will form in it, and their grain sizes and physical interrelationships. In terms of chemical composition, all magmas except rare carbonites are rich in carbonate component. They are also silicate magmas in which the dominant component is silica (SiO2), which generally comprises 45 % or more by weight. Alumina (Al2O3), with its abundance in common igneous rocks anywhere between 13 and 18 %, is at a distant second. Igneous rocks are categorized according to location, chemical composition, surface consistency, and mineralogy. Two significant factors used for the taxonomy of igneous rocks are the rock grain size, which largely depends on the cooling history, determines the texture and the mineral or chemical composition of the rock (Krebs, 2003 p. 95). The identification of these rocks is majorly done by texture. The grain consistency of volcanic rocks comprising the size, distribution of mineral grains, shape, orientation, and the intergranular relationships will decide if the rock is designated as simple or pyroclastic lava, or a tuff. Subsequently, it also determines what minerals are found in what kind of igneous rock. These are large rocks with mineral grains that are big enough to be identified by the eye. They are formed when magma slowly cools to form intrusive mafic igneous rocks. The well

Natural gas & Geothermal energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Natural gas & Geothermal energy - Essay Example Such energy is recovered as the natural gas. However, natural gas represents nonrenewable energy source because of the inability to replenish such energy. Geothermal energy depicts the heat, which is obtained from the earth. Such heat generates a sustainable and clean energy. The resources of geothermal energy vary from deep hot rock in the ground to shallow hot water. These resources contribute in generation of energy, which does not contribute in emission of greenhouse gases. Further, geothermal energy has few chemical pollutants, minimal waste and it is renewable. Rankine cycle depicts a model, which is used in the process of predicting steam turbine systems performance. The system, which is a thermodynamic cycle, changes heat into mechanical work (Stanley, 2010). The supply of the heat is on the external closed loop whereby the working fluid is water. As such, the Rankine Cycle is a form of the steam engine, which has the potential of generating

Cars Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cars Safety - Essay Example Insurance companies sell their policies on the commitment towards "hassle-free claims". However, when approached in case of accidents, they take advantage of customers ignorance and get away with meager reimbursements. In that case a little knowledge and know-hows of insurance laws takes care of under-estimation of our loss in accidents. Most likely, the insurance company gives first party coverage, under which both properties are insured, and third party coverage, which covers other people and their property involved in car accidents with you. It is advisable to go through the policy papers thoroughly to understand the extent of cover-up of loss [1]. Regardless of your initial research, there will always be confusion and ignorance about certain rights, hence it is very important to follow the guidelines set by insurance firms (such as reporting to them about accident in a given set of time) and do some estimation of the loss incurred by you. This estimation will help get approximate picture of amount that should be covered by insurance company. Most people accept whatever the agents assert as the compensation money and do not give it a second thought. However, the insurance agents try to finalize the claim at a much less amount. Therefore, a prior working knowledge of insurance claims greatly helps towards the cause. And as a last minute advice, please do not give an autograph on any paper given by agents, without having complete account of what it means. Trust me; the signatures are not for a scrapbook entry. Be on the safer side, drive carefully. 2. Did you know that many car accidents are caused due to drivers playing with the radio while driving The next time you try doing multi-tasking while driving, keep the facts and statistics on car accident in mind: Every 12 minutes, one person dies because of a car accident. Every 14 seconds, a car accident results in an injured victim. So in order to ensure we are not the ones contributing towards such facts, it becomes important to follow some safety instructions that ensure safety of driver as well as the passengers travelling with driver. The driver is a responsible person since life of everyone sitting inside a car is in drivers hands. In every accident case, it comes to light that one or the other safety step was not taken/considered or even ignored in some extreme cases. Simple preventive measures like wearing seat belts, acknowledging speed limits and using horn/lights effectively go a long way in ensuring safe traveling experience. As an extreme step, car manufacturers should start installing features like computerized announcements to wear seat belts, the reason being the el evated extent of damage in accidents in which seat belt was not worn by drivers [2]. According to the car accident statistics released by the United States Department of Transportation's (USDOT's) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), there were almost 43,000 deaths in 2002 because of car accidents, and the car accident fatalities for the year 2003 stand at 42,643 [2]. Not using safety belts increased the likelihood of injury by 119 percent for young women, 164 percent for middle-aged women and 187 percent for older women [3]. The

Roll of Thunder Essay Example for Free

Roll of Thunder Essay Obviously the store-owner was used to not only treating blacks in this way, but in them putting up with it. However, Cassie was a high spirited young lady who, as yet, was not weighed down by the yoke of racism. The word recoiled also hints at what is to come; for it is Mr Barnett whose store is to be raided by T. J. and the Simms brother at the climax of the novel. While Cassie strives to elucidate the situation, Barnett is infuriated and shrieks whose little nigger is this! Cassie was angry and humiliated as everyone in the store turned and stared at her. Stacey appeared and held her hand. Cassie was thrilled to see her brother by her side, although when she yearned for help Stacey did not respond. Mr Barnett informed him to make sure she dont come back till yo mammy teach her what she is. He wanted Cassie to realize that she and other black people are second-class citizens; consequently deems that he has the power to treat them as he desires. Cassie was exasperated at the way Mr Barnett treats them in his store. The racial injustice makes her furious and she finds it difficult to control her tongue. Stacey angrily rushes outside with Cassie and orders her to shut up. He then crosses the street still irate to Cassies foolish act. While Cassie tries to figure out why Mr Barnett acted the way he did, she stumbles into Lillian Jean, Jeremys big sister. She tells her to apologize but Cassie exclaims that Lillian Jean had bumped into her. Subsequently, Cassie could not bother to have a quarrel with her as she had other things on her mind, so she says sorry. Lillian Jean doesnt find it adequate; she tells her to get down in the road then says maybe that way you wont be bumping into decent white folks with your little nasty self. This statement to Cassie discriminates and shows her how disgusting white racists the Simmss really are. Lillian Jeans father arrives, grabs Cassie by the arm and throws her into the middle of the street. He forces her to make an apology, but Cassie sprints directly for the wagon. Unexpectedly, Big Ma appears and stops her. She wrathfully urges her to apologize to Lillian Jean. Cassie was disorientated to why Big Ma didnt support her when she was in need for her help. Big Ma has a more complicated way of dealing with racism. However, she is an old woman and she had little choice. If Big Ma were to refuse, she knew that they would have to face the consequences, therefore she forced Cassie to act contritely. Crushed and heartbroken, she apologizes to Lillian Jean. Then turns round and runs into the back of the wagon. A day that began full of expectations went from bad to worse. Cassies silence on the return journey home is a reflection of the hurt and humiliation she had suffered. Cassies first real taste of racism had totally subdued this normally impulsive and lively nine-year-old. Cassie is an enthusiastic girl trapped in an inhumane and disgraceful racial system. Along with her brothers, Cassie is learning the hard way about racism prevalent in the deep south of the United States at that time. She cannot comprehend as to why people of her skin colour have to back down in the face of whites, even when they have done nothing wrong. This is even more incomprehensible as Big Ma is a very strong character who Cassie admires greatly. Apologising to Lillian Jean is mortification that the headstrong Cassie finds almost impossible to bear. She is not the sort of girl to forget what has happened and later in the novel, it is no surprise that she is able to avenge her current humiliation. There is a certain amount of irony in the name Strawberry which for Cassie left rather a bitter taste in the mouth. She has learnt from hard experience that things arent always what they seem. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - The Tragedy of Billy Budd :: Herman Melville Billy Budd Essays

The Tragedy of Justice in Billy Budd Charles Reich's assessment of the conflict in Billy Budd focuses on the distinction between the laws of society and the laws of nature. Human law says that men are "the sum total of their actions, and no more." Reich uses this as a basis for his assertion that Billy is innocent in what he is, not what he does. The point of the novel is therefore not to analyze the good and evil in Billy or Claggart, but to put the reader in the position of Captain Vere, who must interpret the laws of both man and nature. Reich supports Vere's decision to hang Billy. In defense of this he alludes to a famous English court case, in which three men were accused of murder. However, the circumstances which led them to murder were beyond their control; they had been stranded at sea and forced to kill and eat their fourth companion, who had fallen ill and was about to die anyway. The Judge, Lord Coleridge, found them guilty because "law cannot follow nature's principle of self-preservation." In other words, necessity is not a justification for killing, even when this necessity is beyond human control. Since Billy is unable to defend himself verbally, he "responds to pure nature, and the dictates of necessity" by lashing out at Claggart. I agree with Reich's notion that Vere was correct in hanging Billy, and that it is society, not Vere, who should be criticized for this judgement; for Vere is forced to reject the urgings of his own heart and his values to comply with the binding laws of man. First, the moral issue aside, Captain Vere had no choice but to convict Billy. As captain of a ship under pressure of war and the constant threat of mutiny, Vere had to act swiftly. Also, as captain, Vere had the responsibility of making sure the laws were strictly enforced, including the Mutiny Act. Although Vere knew in his heart Billy was innocent, Billy's actions had to be punished. For Vere to have acquitted Billy would mean that he had placed the divine law of nature above the laws he was bound to enforce as captain of a

Backround of a Language Learner

Nazrahdin (Nas) moved from his native Algiers to the United States in a quest to gain live a better life and to be able to make enough money to send some back to his family each month. His uncle Talib has lived in America for seven years and was the main reason Nas made the move. Nas is currently working as a valet attendant at a hotel. His language proficiency is quite high. He is fully bilingual with Arabic and French and he can also understand a bit of Spanish. His English abilities are elementary.That being said, when speaking with him he is quite effective at communicating his ideas through non-verbal methods and patience. He is eager and willing to be taught and he always has questions to ask. Currently his uncle and aunt are the main sources of information and teaching when it comes to English. At work Nas does not interact with customers, except when absolutely necessary. He is not comfortable enough with the language and his coworkers do not want him to converse with custome rs due to his limitations with English.For this reason Nas is beginning to read and listen to English lessons in an attempt to gain fluency. He wants to become comfortable enough with the language within the next six months so as to be able to interview for a public transportation job through the city. He did not have to interview for the valet position because his uncle worked him into the job. With his enthusiasm and track record of learning other languages, his goal is well within reach.When I interviewed Nas and asked him about what his ultimate goal is, he replied, â€Å"Really I want money for family that I work for so I can buy me a home here to live. † His ideas come across quite clearly and the thing I noticed most about this statement was not the broken grammar, but the clarity of though and the seriousness with which he delivered his ambition. He maintains eye contact and uses his hands to emphasize his points. I notice his non-verbal connotations almost more than his verbal cues, especially when he is speaking in Arabic with Talib.They are both very animated and outgoing and their arms are in constant motion when they are speaking. They also use intonation to great effect so that even though I do not understand a word of Arabic, I can fairly accurately gauge the tones and attitude of what they are talking about. In this way, I think the main goals that we will work for in our English lessons will be to translate that non-verbal communication into everyday expressions in English. Nas, at least at this point, is not interested in the finer details of grammar and lexicon.What he most wants is to ‘tell a good joke that people smile. ’ He wants to become conversational. He does not need nor want to learn academic rules. He wants to be able to meet a stranger and be able to talk to them. He wants to be able to fulfill his objectives at work. He wants to be able to secure his own job and not to rely on Talib. Mostly, he wants to become more than just a card-carrying American citizen, he wants to exercise his mind and rights through the use of English.That being said, we will face obstacles in the implementation of this new language because it is not related to the romance languages of French and Spanish and it definitely has little in common with the rhythmic Arabic of his native language. We will begin by integrating cross-cultural themes that draw connections between his life in Algeria and here in the U. S. His mind is already developed and he has been successful in his endeavors up to this point. I do not want to tutor him like I would a younger person.I think a great way for us to move forward will be to watch television and movies that have similar interests as well as subtitles, whether in Arabic, French, or Spanish. I want to cultivate a multi-disciplinary approach that focuses on getting ideas to translate more than having them be perfectly grammatical, especially considering that most conversational Eng lish does not abide by the rules of the book of grammar, even to native speakers. I think we will have greater success in implanting English into Nas’ everyday life because he already has the model of his Uncle Talib.Talib had learned English in less than a year after moving the America. Like Nas, he had a very limited knowledge of the language beyond a few expressions before moving here. Nas has the added advantage of already holding a job where he is surrounded by native English speakers and Talib. Whenever Nas cannot grasp what we are talking about in English, he and Talib discuss it together in Arabic and then Nas will come back to the discussion and reiterate his opinion.I am confident that Nas will succeed in his goal to learn English in order to gain full-time employment that utilizes his language skills. He has a positive example to base his optimism and he is one of the most fearless non-native English speakers I have met when it comes to trying to speak in a languag e you are not fluent in. The fact that he will continue to ask questions, to continue to make mistakes and to continue applying himself is an accomplishment unto itself and yet he does not cut corners. This makes the tutoring process not only easier, but much more enriching for all involved parties.

Neonatal Nurse

Job Outlook of a Neonatal Nurse Modern-day fertility treatments have made the dream of parenthood come true for thousands of people. Each year, more advancements are made in this field, and as fertility treatments become safer and more available they are also becoming more common. However, with the advent of fertility medicine has come a sharp rise in multiple and premature births, sending more newborns to the NICU. All nurses count patient care among their most important responsibilities, but an ill or premature newborn needs round-the-clock monitoring and care.In addition to the high-pressure environment of the NICU, neonatal nurses also are tasked with helping the families of the babies in their care understand what is happening. Taking responsibility for these tiniest of lives requires an immense amount of diligence and strength. Before setting out on such a daunting career path, many potential neonatal nurses want to know: What is the job outlook of a neonatal nurse? And what is a typical neonatal nurse salary like?The rise in newborns needing extra neonatal care has resulted in a corresponding upswing in the job outlook of a neonatal nurse. In the last 20 years the number of hospitals with NICUs has grown along with the demand for their services. As with most nursing positions, demand is expected to continue to increase in the years to come. The job outlook for a neonatal nurse is bright – there is a very good chance that neonatal nurses will continue to be in demand. Neonatal Nurse Salary A neonatal nurse salary is affected first and foremost by the kind of nurse involved.The median Neonatal Nurse Salary by Job Title chart shows that nurse managers and nurse practitioners earn a much higher neonatal nurse salary than many other positions. Indeed, a large percentage of a NICU's staff will be neonatal nurse practitioners. For a neonatal nurse, yearly salary is also tied to years of experience. Researching a Neonatal Nurse Salary by Years of Experien ce, we can see that for a neonatal nurse, salary increases by over $20,000 over 20 years of experience. Many smaller or more rural hospitals may not have a NICU, which may be why comparing Neonatal Related essay: â€Å"Ati RN Community Health Online Practice 2016 B†Nurse Salary by Number of Hospital Beds tends to show higher salaries for larger hospitals. Looking for a city with high neonatal nurse salaries? Check the median Neonatal Nurse Salary by City report to see which cities offer the highest salaries. Average Neonatal Nurse Yearly Salary Dr. Salary doesn't make house calls, but he can give your salary some intensive care! Learn the difference between asking, â€Å"what is the median neonatal nurse salary† and, â€Å"what is the average neonatal nurse yearly salary† in the Ask Dr. Salary article, â€Å"Why is Median Better than Mean for a Typical Salary? â€Å"

Motivations For Terrorism Example

Motivations For Terrorism Example Motivations For Terrorism – Term Paper Example In the last few decades, terror attacks have increased tremendously in both developed and developing economies. Currently, terrorism is a matter of global concern and understanding the motives that drive people to commit the offense is of critical importance in order to prevent destruction and carnage associated with the attacks. Terrorists and terror organizations are driven by ideological convictions and various motivations to execute an attack. Reich (1998) classified motivations into four categories, namely revolutionary, nationalistic, ethnocentric and separatists. Ethnocentric motivations are based on race superiority, where group members endorse and propagate the attitude that a particular group is superior because of its race or tribal orientation. Groups motivated by separatist ideals seek to secede from the existing socio of such attack is September 11 that targeted World Trade Centre and the Pentagon in the United States. Most terror groups are driven by multiple motives. Currently, several terror groups are driven by multiple ideologies, mainly religion with separatist and nationalistic motives (Dirk, 2005). Examples include Kashmir separatists group, which is motivated by religion and desire to separate from India. ReferencesDirk, H. (2005). Differing motivations for terrorism. Defense and Peace Economics, 16(1), 19-27. Hoffman, B. (1998). Inside terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press. Reich, W. (1998). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies theologies states of mind. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Impact on Government Law School Essay Essays

Impact on Government Law School Essay Essays Impact on Government Law School Essay Essay Impact on Government Law School Essay Essay John Rawls Theory of Justice Introduction; According to John Rawls, liberty and equity are some of the components of justice and fairness that each modern government should incorporate into their systems. When it comes to equality, the philosopher divides them into ;difference principle and fair equality; (Arellano-Gault, 2010). The difference principle is one that helps in finding out when priorities are conflicting in a practical real life situation. However, the principles that are given weight by this particular direction of thinking are: a single and a comprehensive conception of justice. It is applicable for political endeavors and governments that represent the majority. It is clear that several democratic governments have policies and objectives that obligate them to fight for the welfare of citizens (Kumar ; Verma, 2016). The principles of Rawls affect several modern governments. The two of them are applied in everyday lives. These governments have continued to promote these particular basic liberties. Since they are representative citizens, they have to give fair conditions that will promote justice and peace. When the two are promoted, development would follow. The first principle of John Rawls, the liberty principle; gives everyone equal opportunities and liberty. Furthermore, this principle concentrates on personal belongings as one of the basic liberties claimed by citizens. For this reason, no individual or government has the power to take away these basic liberties from individuals. Therefore, they cannot amend any laws that will work against this particular issue (Skillington, 2017). In my opinion, the idea of Rawls, overlapping consensus has not been applied by several modern governments. We find that some governments do not regard suggestions from the less fortunate or rather from all sides. When this idea is incorporated, several benefits are likely to result. Conclusion In conclusion, John Rawls has great ideas that can positively impact today;s governments. Idea of liberty and equity ensures that everyone benefits from the state. ; References Arellano-Gault, D. (2010). Economic-NPM and the need to bring justice and equity back to the debate on public organizations. Administration ; Society, 42(5), 591-612. Kumar, P., ; Verma, S. (2016). Good Governance: an Appraisal. Global Journal For Research Analysis, 4(7). Skillington, T. (2017). The Idea of Climate Justice. In Climate Justice and Human Rights (pp. 41-89). Palgrave Macmillan US.